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Challenges in palliative and end of life care (PEOLC) include communication difficulties, lack of involvement in decision-making and multimorbidity. Early identification of PEOLC needs is challenging, impacting timely care planning. The study aims to (1) understand barriers and enablers to providing high-quality, accessible PEOLC for people with a learning disability, and identify effective service delivery models and interventions and (2) improve PEOLC quality and accessibility by developing robust guidance for health and social care services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a mixed-methods study guided by the NHS England 2021 Ambitions Framework and adopting the Social Model of Disability. There are four workstreams: (1) a retrospective cohort analysis of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink; (2) a rapid scoping review; (3) field work in four study sites across England, involving (a) interviews with senior leaders and commissioners (n=up\u2009to 16) and informal stakeholder engagement conversations; (b) ethnographic case studies with people with a learning disability at the end of life (n=up\u2009to 20) and retrospective case reviews of people with a learning disability who have died (n=up\u2009to 40), using family and staff interviews and (c) development and piloting of methods for enabling systematic identification of PEOLC need, using experience-based co-design and (4) patient and public involvement (PPI) activities and a co-production group of 10 people with a learning disability to support data analysis and outputs. Data will be analysed using adapted framework analysis methodology. This is an inclusive, co-produced study with significant involvement of advisors and researchers with a learning disability as part of the study team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval has been obtained for workstreams 1, 3a and 3b. Significant attention has been paid to ensuring informed consent, making adjustments for capacity. Accessible information and consent forms will be used, involving consultees and adhering to the Mental Capacity Act for participants who lack capacity. Data security will follow General Data Protection Regulation rules. Dissemination will include patient exemplars, guidance and various resources, engaging stakeholders through multiple formats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>researchregistry10500.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-106752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T09:31:39Z","timestamp":1753435899000},"page":"e106752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing service models for adult palliative and end of life care for people with a learning disability (The DAPPLE Project): protocol for a mixed-method study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Tuffrey-Wijne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freya","family":"Tyrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoebia","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LOROS, Hospice Care for Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1009-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Borgstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyles","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6226-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Keagan-Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Cresswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Anderson-Kittow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120618274262000_15.7.e106752.1","unstructured":"Learning Disabilities Observatory . 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