{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:55:39Z","timestamp":1782496539892,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Maria Palm Foundation"},{"name":"The Hjalmar Svenssons Foundation"},{"name":"Swedish Association of Physiotherapists"},{"name":"Rune and Ulla Aml\u00f6vs Foundation"},{"name":"Anna Ahrenberg Foundation"},{"name":"The Royal Swedish Academy of Music"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010819","name":"Tornspiran Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003745","name":"Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Per-Olof Ahls Foundation"},{"name":"The Foundation for neurological research ISNF"},{"name":"The Swedish Stroke Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke is a prevalent neurological condition that frequently results in long-term disabilities and considerable societal costs. While existing rehabilitation approaches provide some benefits, residual motor impairments often persist and become permanent, leading to ongoing activity restrictions. Music-based intervention, such as the Ronnie Gardiner Method (RGM), adheres to best practice principles of stroke rehabilitation by simultaneously engaging motor, sensory, cognitive and emotional functions, potentially offering enhanced recovery outcomes. However, research examining its effectiveness in chronic stroke rehabilitation remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicentre, randomised controlled trial will recruit 84 community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke over a 2-year period across four sites in Sweden. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving RGM training (n=42) or a passive waitlist control group (n=42). Only the investigators and outcome assessors will remain blinded to group allocation. RGM training consists of 60\u2009min group sessions twice weekly for 12 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome is to evaluate the effectiveness of RGM training on balance performance using the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test. Secondary outcomes include assessment of gait function (10-Metre Walk Test, 6\u2009min Walk Test, Short Physical Performance Battery), upper limb function (9-Hole Peg Test, Observational Drinking Task Assessment), cognitive abilities (Victoria Stroop Test, Rey Complex Figure Test, Memory Test), fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International) and stroke-related functional impact (Stroke Impact Scale-16). Broader health-related quality of life will be assessed using the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level, and depressive symptoms will be measured with the Montgomery-\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, postintervention and at a 3-month follow-up. Additional assessments will include qualitative evaluations of participants\u2019 and trainers\u2019 subjective experiences, cognitive screening (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and postintervention enjoyment assessment (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approvals for the study have been obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2025-01269-01 and Dnr: 2025-08232-02). The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal publications, conference presentations and targeted communication with stakeholders and the media.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06979050\">NCT06979050<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-107178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:40:38Z","timestamp":1770219638000},"page":"e107178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Ronnie Gardiner Method in individuals with stroke in the late phase of recovery: a protocol for a single-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06979050","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06979050","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-1522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashank","family":"Ghai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Societal Risk Research, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3447-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062610404508000_16.2.e107178.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241308142"},{"key":"2026062610404508000_16.2.e107178.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102028","article-title":"The rising global burden of stroke","volume":"59","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026062610404508000_16.2.e107178.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098154"},{"key":"2026062610404508000_16.2.e107178.4","unstructured":"Mansfield A , Inness EL , McIlroy WE . 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