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Epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS) has shown potential in restoring function in chronic individuals with SCI. However, research on cervical and autonomic dysfunction-related SCI remains limited. This study will assess the safety and efficacy of eSCS in improving autonomic and volitional functions, as well as truncal stability, bowel, bladder and sexual function, and overall QoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is a phase I\/II trial in which participants will serve as their own controls. The Abbott Eterna epidural stimulator system will be implanted, and assessments will occur every 3\u2009months. The study will be conducted over a period of 4 years. A total of 36 participants will be enrolled and followed for 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bayesian optimisation will be used to determine the most effective stimulation settings, with 15 settings programmed at the end of each visit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Food and Drug Administration and University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board approvals have been secured for the study. Interim reports will be made available through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and clinical network reporting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CE-STAND (Cervical Epidural STimulation After Neurological Damage) seeks to advance SCI treatment by expanding eSCS applications in chronic cervical SCI, improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. Future studies could consider a larger sample size, long-term safety, matched-control and randomisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06410001\">NCT06410001<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-107661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:25:16Z","timestamp":1770967516000},"page":"e107661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Cervical Epidural STimulation After Neurological Damage: protocol for phase I\/II open label controlled CE-STAND trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06410001","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06410001","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4582-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manda","family":"Keller-Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4356-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Young","family":"Balser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021223251056000_16.2.e107661.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6250"},{"key":"2026021223251056000_16.2.e107661.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3424-6","article-title":"Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury worldwide: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Jazayeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2026021223251056000_16.2.e107661.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.20148","article-title":"Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury: Changes to Its Cause Amid Aging Population, a Single Center Study","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026021223251056000_16.2.e107661.4","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center . 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