{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:15:06Z","timestamp":1789668906191,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyse the associations between exposure to different air pollutants and the morbidity of pulmonary embolism (PE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time series study with a distribution lag non-linear model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>275 cities in China, 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>27 369 cases of PE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The associations between exposure to different air pollutants and the morbidity of PE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the study period, 27 369 cases of PE were recorded. PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      (Particulate Matter 2.5), PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      (Particulate Matter 10) and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (Nitrogen Dioxide) exposure levels were associated with an increased risk of developing PE in the single-pollutant model. PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure caused the greatest risk of developing PE at lag 1 in the single-day lag model, with a relative risk (RR) value of 1.033 (95% CI 1.007 to 1.058). PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure had the greatest effects at lag 0, with RR values of 1.038 (95% CI 1.016 to 1.059) and 1.039 (95% CI 1.009 to 1.068), respectively. No associations were found between CO(Carbon Monoxide), O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      (Ozone) or SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (Sulfur Dioxide) exposure levels and the risk of developing PE. PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure levels were most strongly associated with the development of PE at lag 01 in the cumulative lag model, with RR values of 1.052 (95% CI 1.009 to 1.095), 1.053 (95% CI 1.020 to 1.086) and 1.058 (95% CI 1.005 to 1.111), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Short-term exposure to PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      can increase the risk of developing PE, especially in females. The effects of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure were more significant in cold seasons and in North China.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:40:30Z","timestamp":1776271230000},"page":"e108349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between ambient air pollution exposure levels and the risk of developing pulmonary embolism in the Chinese population: findings from the Chinese Cardiovascular Association (CCA) Database\u2013Chest Pain Centre"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7896-9642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingcong","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3905-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041509401528000_16.4.e108349.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306841"},{"key":"2026041509401528000_16.4.e108349.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.10.040","article-title":"Trends in Hospitalization and In-Hospital Mortality From VTE, 2007 to 2016, in China","volume":"155","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026041509401528000_16.4.e108349.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042220-011549","article-title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Particulate Air Pollution","volume":"73","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2026041509401528000_16.4.e108349.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E586","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00122-X","article-title":"Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, 1990-2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"6","author":"Burkart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"2026041509401528000_16.4.e108349.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31597-5"},{"key":"2026041509401528000_16.4.e108349.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamanaka RB , Mutlu GM . 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