{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:04:33Z","timestamp":1779984273136,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01HD097030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01HD097030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03HD101746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03HD101746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate caregivers\u2019 confidence in accurately reporting rehabilitation service use for paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine their preferences for measure scope, granularity and administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative descriptive study conducted remote, semistructured individual interviews with caregivers to examine their confidence in and preferences for reporting rehabilitation service use to inform measure development. The interview guide was refined through pilot interviews (n=2) excluded from analysis. Subsequent interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis with hybrid deductive-inductive coding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant videoconference platform.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited using maximum variation sampling to promote diversity across factors associated with rehabilitation service use. 14 caregivers met the following inclusion criteria and consented to participate: primary caregiver of a child aged 0\u201318 years who sustained a TBI requiring hospitalisation within the past 3 years; caregiver communicates in English. Sampling continued until data saturation was reached.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three themes pertaining to the study objectives were identified: (1) Caregivers are confident in their ability to accurately report their child\u2019s rehabilitation service use and satisfaction by setting with approximate dosage; (2) Caregivers\u2019 confidence in their ability to accurately report service use varies by setting and (3) Caregivers endorsed completing a comprehensive measure of rehabilitation service use with embedded definitions and structured prompts and preferred electronic administration for remote completion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings support the acceptability and potential feasibility of a caregiver-report measure of rehabilitation service use across the care continuum following their child\u2019s TBI. Next steps will include prototyping the Rehabilitation Use Measure and iteratively refining it through expert feedback and cognitive interviews with caregivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T15:25:35Z","timestamp":1779981935000},"page":"e108351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caregivers\u2019 confidence in and preferences for reporting rehabilitation service use following paediatric traumatic brain injury: a qualitative study for measure development"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2988-7429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica M","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Kaseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2326-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Terhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7728-0624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxanna","family":"Bendixen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Therapy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3980-7293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amery","family":"Treble-Barna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052808252125000_16.5.e108351.1","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Traumatic brain injury: a roadmap for accelerating progress; Washington, DC The National Academies Press; 2022."},{"key":"2026052808252125000_16.5.e108351.2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention . Surveillance report of traumatic brain injury-related hospitalizations and deaths by age group, sex, and mechanism of injury-United States, 2016 and 2017. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2021."},{"key":"2026052808252125000_16.5.e108351.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.09.006","article-title":"Brain injury and adverse outcomes: a contemporary review of the evidence","volume":"27","author":"Schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"2026052808252125000_16.5.e108351.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E95","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000886","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Following Inpatient Rehabilitation","volume":"39","author":"Horn","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2026052808252125000_16.5.e108351.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000567"},{"key":"2026052808252125000_16.5.e108351.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63521-1.00029-7","article-title":"Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury","volume":"128","author":"Maas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2026052808252125000_16.5.e108351.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treble-Barna A , Patronick J , Uchani S , et al . 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Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer. 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Development of a brief, generic, modular resource-use measure (ModRUM): cognitive interviews with patients. 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