{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T21:30:49Z","timestamp":1764883849271,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK National Institute for Health and Care Research","award":["NIHR304993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR304993"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223499\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223499\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC)\u2014defined as the presence of two or more physical or mental health conditions\u2014often face fragmented and complex care. Digital tools offer scalable self-management solutions but may exacerbate inequities due to the digital divide and other factors. The aim of this scoping review is to map and summarise the existing literature on digital self-management tools used in MLTC, with a particular focus on how equity of access is considered in their development, implementation and evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review methodology will be based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews and Arskey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s framework and will be reported in alignment with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Comprehensive search terms based on \u2018multimorbidity\u2019, \u2018digital tools\u2019 and \u2018self-management\u2019 have been developed. Peer-reviewed publications will be identified using MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, CINAHL and PubMed. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, with subsequent full text review also being performed in duplicate to ensure they meet the eligibility criteria. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Included studies will focus on digital tools for the self-management of MLTC in adults (\u226518 years old) in any setting. Equity dimensions will include, but are not limited to, digital literacy, treatment burden, socioeconomic status, polypharmacy and access disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results of the scoping review will be published in an open access, peer-reviewed journal for wider dissemination. Additionally, findings will contribute to topic guides and mapping of a research networking event with key stakeholders (including patient and public involvement and engagement members, clinicians, researchers and industry) in MLTC, around the same subject area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T05:45:52Z","timestamp":1762753552000},"page":"e108435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Equity of digital self-management tools in adults with multiple long-term conditions: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-0766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austen","family":"El-Osta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Self-Care Academic Research Unit (SCARU), Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5678-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Stirland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Security Science and Technology, Imperial College London, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asra","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, Journalism and Communication, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120413264080000_15.11.e108435.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)60240-2"},{"key":"2025120413264080000_15.11.e108435.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"May C , Montori VM , Mair FS . 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