{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T02:46:06Z","timestamp":1769654766751,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yorkshire Cancer Research","award":["RA\/2022\/R2\/104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA\/2022\/R2\/104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast screening uptake remains low in parts of the UK, partly due to barriers including limited transport access. Offering free transport to screening appointments may help address this and improve uptake. This general practitioner (GP) cluster-randomised feasibility trial will assess whether offering free door-to-door transport alongside routine screening invitations increases attendance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight general practices in Yorkshire will be randomised to either the intervention (routine invitation plus information about booking free door-to-door transport) or control (routine invitation only) group. Around 8000\u2009women due for routine breast screening will be included. Primary feasibility outcomes include GP recruitment and randomisation, intervention fidelity, proportion of women from the 10% most deprived areas, acceptability and data transfer processes. Secondary outcomes include understanding travel behaviour, cost-effectiveness and screening uptake. Data will be collected from routine National Health Service (NHS) screening records, data linkage with NHS England, travel surveys and qualitative interviews exploring experiences and acceptability. Patient and public involvement is embedded throughout with members contributing to advisory and oversight roles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trial has received ethical approval from the London\u2013Harrow Research Ethics Committee, Section 251 approval from the Confidentiality Advisory Group and other relevant regulatory bodies. The University of Hull is the study sponsor. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, conference presentations and plain English summaries for participants and the public. Findings will inform the feasibility and design of a potential larger trial to improve breast screening uptake via transport support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN17087898\">ISRCTN17087898<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:15:43Z","timestamp":1769613343000},"page":"e108616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the effectiveness and acceptability of free door-to-door transport to increase the uptake of breast screening appointments in Yorkshire: a cluster randomised GP feasibility trial (DOORSTEP protocol)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn17087898","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0332-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Haji Sadeghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1538-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olufikayo","family":"Bamidele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bronwen","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beccy","family":"Acaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3627-7218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Pitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7038-1975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryony","family":"Dawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wessam","family":"Abass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Una","family":"Macleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.1","unstructured":"National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) . Cancer incidence. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.cancerdata.nhs.uk\/incidence_and_mortality [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.2","unstructured":"ONS . Cancer survival in England - adults diagnosed. 2019. Available: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/d atasets\/cancersurvivalratescancersurvivalinenglandadultsdiagnosed [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/096914106777589678"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.4","unstructured":"Office for Health Improvement and Disparities . Fingertips. Public health data. 2022. Available: https:\/\/fingertips.phe.org.uk\/profile\/cancerservices [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.5","unstructured":"NHS Digital . Breast screening programme England 2019 - 2020. 2021. Available: https:\/\/files.digital.nhs.uk\/F9\/98C8E3\/breast-screening-programme-eng-2019-20- report.pdf [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.6","unstructured":"Public Health England . NHS breast screening programme screening standards valid for data collected from 1 April 2027. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/breast-screening-consolidated-programmestandards\/nhs-breast-screening-programme-screening-standards-valid-for-data-collected-from-1-april2017?msclkid=8e8b7f30a5ec11eca511af0854bf1925 [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.7","unstructured":"Public Health England . Breast screening: reducing inequalities. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/breast-screening-identifying-andreducing-inequalities\/breast-screening-reducing-inequalities [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdx026","article-title":"Factors influencing the decision to attend screening for cancer in the UK: a meta-ethnography of qualitative research","volume":"40","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Public Health (Bangkok)"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.10.013","article-title":"What can be done to encourage women from Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds to attend breast screening? A qualitative synthesis of barriers and facilitators","volume":"190","author":"Baird","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health (Fairfax)"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.200X.038398"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013059","article-title":"Are differences in travel time or distance to healthcare for adults in global north countries associated with an impact on health outcomes? A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.12","unstructured":"Social Exclusion Unit . Making the connections: final report on transport and social exclusion. 2003. Available: https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---ed_emp [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.13","unstructured":"NHS Yorkshire Ambulance Service . Patient transport service. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.yas.nhs.uk\/our-services\/patient-transport-servicepts?msclkid=31162eb5a5f511ec9fcff66d93742cc0 [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.14","unstructured":"Department of Health . Eligibility criteria for patient transport services (PTS). 2007. Available: https:\/\/www.yas.nhs.uk\/media\/1125\/doh-guidance-eligibilitycriteria.pdf?msclkid=c919ba04a5f511ec9c9e32f70051c61a [Accessed 17 Mar 2022]."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141316664757"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557859998056"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1999.00295.x"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7282.355"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-264","article-title":"Sample size requirements to estimate key design parameters from external pilot randomised controlled trials: a simulation study","volume":"15","author":"Teare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.12182","article-title":"Reporting and Justifying the Number of Interview Participants in Organization and Workplace Research","volume":"27","author":"Saunders","year":"2016","journal-title":"British J Manag"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8","article-title":"Acceptability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework","volume":"17","author":"Sekhon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.06.012"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.25","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) . NICE health technology evaluations: the manual. London NICE; 2022."},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.635"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X07302555"},{"key":"2026012807151924000_16.1.e108616.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.11.027"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:15:46Z","timestamp":1769613346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108616","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}