{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:48:08Z","timestamp":1782492488300,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W11-179885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W11-179885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare primary care for depression among patients detected in the first 21 months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to patients detected pre-pandemic, and examine whether depression care was associated with patient characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective pre\u2013post study using de-identified data from electronic medical record data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary care clinics enrolled in CPCSSN from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with a valid CPCSSN case definition of depression detected between 01 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 were included in the cohort and categorised by detection date (pre-pandemic or during Canadian pandemic waves).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary care encounters, psychotropic prescriptions and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescriptions were observed at 3 and 12\u2009months post-detection. Multivariable regression evaluated associations between patients\u2019 depression detection timing and depression care, adjusting for age, sex, rurality, neighbourhood deprivation quintile, province, number of observable comorbidities and pre-detection psychotropic use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>91\u2009453 patients with depression were identified, of whom 53% were detected pre-pandemic. Patients detected during the pandemic were younger and less comorbid than those detected pre-pandemic. Proportions of patients with any encounter, psychotropic prescriptions and SSRI prescriptions were higher for patients detected during every pandemic wave compared with patients detected pre-pandemic. The adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) of number of encounters (aIRR=1.15; 95%\u2009CI 1.13 to 1.17), psychotropics (aIRR=1.11, 95%\u2009CI 1.09 to 1.13) and SSRIs prescribed (aIRR=1.12; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.15) within 3\u2009months of detection were higher among patients detected during the first pandemic wave compared with those detected pre-pandemic. Socio-demographic characteristics had weaker associations with outcomes compared with timing of detection. Results were similar within 12\u2009months of detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, primary care for depression was maintained during the pandemic despite challenging circumstances. Increases in paediatric encounter rates and increased prescribing in younger adults warrant further investigation to understand the factors driving these patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05813652\">NCT05813652<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-108681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:40:29Z","timestamp":1767969629000},"page":"e108681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary care for depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective pre\u2013post study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05813652","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8127-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Howard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7638-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2853-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaib","family":"Hafid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7347-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith","family":"Vanstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Queenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8680-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kris","family":"Aubrey-Bassler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Healthcare Research Unit, Memorial University, St. John\u2019s, NFLD, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dee","family":"Mangin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Primary Health Care, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062609051817000_16.1.e108681.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026062609051817000_16.1.e108681.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"2026062609051817000_16.1.e108681.3","unstructured":"Pearson C , Janz T , Ali J . 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