{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T23:22:50Z","timestamp":1794525770958,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after colorectal surgery, characterised by impaired gastrointestinal motility leading to abdominal distension, delayed flatus and defecation, nausea and vomiting. Self-abdominal massage (SM) can promote bowel peristalsis, but its clinical efficacy on improving colorectal cancer patients with POI treated with an intestinal decompression tube remains to be further verified. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SM in improving gastrointestinal function in colorectal cancer patients with POI treated with an intestinal decompression tube.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled, assessor-blinded and statistician-blinded trial. A total of 102 colorectal cancer patients with POI undergoing intestinal decompression tube placement will be recruited. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive basic treatment (BT), BT plus SM (BT-SM) or BT plus simple physical stimulation (BT-SPS). The primary outcome is the time to first defecation after intestinal decompression tube placement. Secondary outcomes include time to first flatus, radiological evaluation, time to tolerability of semiliquid and solid foods, severity of nausea, vomiting, pain and abdominal distension, analgesic consumption, time to intestinal decompression tube removal, incidence of complications and adverse events after intestinal decompression tube placement. Outcome measures are collected at baseline, at 1, 2, 3 and 4\u2009days after the end of the intervention. The primary time point will be 4\u2009days postintervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been approved by the ethical application of the \u200cShanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Ethics Committee (2025-K-49-01). All patients will be required to provide informed consent. Study results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ITMCTR2025001401.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:25:22Z","timestamp":1770967522000},"page":"e109026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effectiveness of self-abdominal massage on gastrointestinal function in postoperative ileus: a randomised controlled trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yaokai","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoufang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Medicine, Nanxiang Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinlong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guimao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5599-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1677003","article-title":"Postoperative Ileus","volume":"32","author":"Harnsberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_108","article-title":"Postoperative Ileus: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"239","author":"Stakenborg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2016.08.010"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13862","article-title":"The clinical and economical impact of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing colorectal surgery","volume":"32","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2012.01.010","article-title":"Pathogenesis and clinical and economic consequences of postoperative ileus","volume":"92","author":"Doorly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181fcb83e"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2148-y"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.8","first-page":"485","article-title":"Economic burden of postoperative ileus associated with colectomy in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Iyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.17.9.1365"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2018.059","article-title":"Long-term Outcomes of One Stage Surgery Using Transanal Colorectal Tube for Acute Colorectal Obstruction of Stage II\/III Distal Colon Cancer","volume":"51","author":"Okuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234743","article-title":"Endoscopic transanal decompression with a drainage tube for acute colonic obstruction: clinical aspects of preoperative treatment","volume":"44","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.12","first-page":"522","article-title":"Application of transanal ileus tube followed by laparoscopic surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction","volume":"49","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.13","first-page":"663","article-title":"Clinical application of transanal decompression tube for acute left-sided colonic obstruction","volume":"32","author":"Jiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0496-1","article-title":"Radiophotographically Controlled Nasointestinal Intubation to Treat Recurrent Postoperative Adhesive Ileus","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Underdown A , Barlow J , Chung V , et al . Massage intervention for promoting mental and physical health in infants aged under six months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;CD005038. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD005038.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005038.pub2"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.1.3"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ctnm.2002.0610"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.01.007"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000202","article-title":"The Effect of Abdominal Massage on Constipation and Quality of Life","volume":"39","author":"Turan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0b013e31824c235a","article-title":"The effect of abdominal massage on gastric residual volume: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Uysal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2010.07.007"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2012.05.004","article-title":"Visceral massage reduces postoperative ileus in a rat model","volume":"17","author":"Chapelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(01)00009-9","article-title":"Does mechanical massage of the abdominal wall after colectomy reduce postoperative pain and shorten the duration of ileus? Results of a randomized study","volume":"6","author":"Le Blanc-Louvry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102553","article-title":"The Effect of Abdominal Massage on Gastrointestinal Functions: a Systematic Review","volume":"54","author":"Dehghan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2019.1577515","article-title":"Acupoint Massage Can Effectively Promote the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function after Gynecologic Laparoscopy","volume":"34","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104936","article-title":"Effectiveness of abdominal massage on chronic constipation in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"161","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.471","article-title":"The effect of abdominal massage on gastrointestinal system functions in patients receiving continuous and bolus enteral nutrition","volume":"69","author":"Kurt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18098","article-title":"Analysis of the efficacy of abdominal massage on functional constipation: A meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102861","article-title":"Abdominal massage: A review of clinical and experimental studies from 1990 to 2021","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-00016","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials","volume":"154","author":"Bian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.32","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Intestinal obstruction catheter in the treatment of early postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction after colorectal cancer surgery","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Bases Clin Gen Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503095"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-017-2760-5","article-title":"Naso-intestinal tube is more effective in treating postoperative ileus than naso-gastric tube in elderly colorectal cancer patients","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v15.i9.1950","article-title":"Efficacy of ileus tube combined with meglumine diatrizoate in treating postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction after surgery","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086438","article-title":"Effect of electroacupuncture versus sham electroacupuncture on postoperative ileus after laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000369529","article-title":"Clinical endpoint, early detection, and differential diagnosis of postoperative ileus: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.38","article-title":"Dexamethasone versus standard treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting in gastrointestinal surgery: randomised controlled trial (DREAMS Trial)","volume":"357","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90095-3"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083460","article-title":"Preoperative electroacupuncture versus sham electroacupuncture for the treatment of postoperative ileus after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in China: a study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800771130","article-title":"Intraluminal pressure adjacent to left colonic anastomoses","volume":"77","author":"Burkitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-02096-z","article-title":"No Coil\u00ae placement in patients undergoing left hemicolectomy and low anterior resection for colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Ammendola","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.583422","article-title":"Postoperative Ileus and Postoperative Gastrointestinal Tract Dysfunction: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Treatment Strategies Beyond Colorectal Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols","volume":"11","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271537"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.46","first-page":"190","article-title":"Expert consensus on clinical application of ileus tubes in prevention and treatment of bowel obstruction","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Gen Surg"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.47","first-page":"741","article-title":"Effects of transnasal ileus tube combined with somatostatin on early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor","volume":"41","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sun Yat-Sen Univ (Med Sci)"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i16.1968","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of transnasal ileus tube vs nasogastric tube for adhesive small bowel obstruction","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.49","first-page":"129","article-title":"Comparison between nasointestinal obstruction tube and nasogastric tube in simple adhesive small bowel obstruction","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Endosc"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.50","first-page":"1478","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of nasogastric tube and transnasal intestinal obstruction catheter in the treatment of different locations and types of intestinal obstruction","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10781"},{"key":"2026062610405568000_16.2.e109026.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028087","article-title":"Massage for gastrointestinal function among participants after abdominal surgery: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:42:41Z","timestamp":1782495761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109026","relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109026.supp1","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}