{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:55:51Z","timestamp":1782496551146,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n More than 300\u2009million major surgical procedures are carried out under general anaesthesia each year worldwide, and advanced airway management remains one of the leading daily challenges for clinicians. Data from large international prospective cohort studies on adverse events such as cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrest and severe hypoxaemia during advanced airway management to facilitate anaesthesia are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n \n The International ob\n S<\/jats:bold>\n ervational s\n T<\/jats:bold>\n udy on\n A<\/jats:bold>\n i\n R<\/jats:bold>\n way mana\n G<\/jats:bold>\n ement in oper\n A<\/jats:bold>\n ting room and non-opera\n T<\/jats:bold>\n ing room ana\n E<\/jats:bold>\n sthesia (STARGATE) study will be an international prospective observational cohort study describing the incidence of major adverse events associated with advanced airway management (tracheal intubation or supraglottic airway device placement) for general anaesthesia in the operating and non-operating room for surgery and medical procedures. The secondary aim will be to describe the practice of airway management in a large international cohort. Critically ill patients will be excluded from this study. Data on patients\u2019 characteristics, type of procedure and the adopted airway management strategy, post-procedure adverse events, operator characteristics and in-hospital mortality will be prospectively collected. The study aims to enrol 10\u2009500 patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the coordinating centre (Comitato Etico Interaziendale AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, N\u00b0 25\/2023). Each of the participating centres will then seek approval of their local Ethics Committee before enrolment. Data will be disseminated to the scientific community by original articles submitted to international peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n \n NCT05759299<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T14:55:19Z","timestamp":1770389719000},"page":"e109038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multicentre international observational study on airway management for anaesthesia: the STARGATE study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05759299","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1411-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Russotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Piedmont, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8038-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Sansovini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO4, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8300-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Muraccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Collino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"},{"name":"AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila Nainan","family":"Myatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Higgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Warrington Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Brewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5984-617X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Curi\u0107 Radivojevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Intensive medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb. 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