{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:08:06Z","timestamp":1785164886734,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["American Society of Clinical Oncologists (ASCO)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["American Society of Clinical Oncologists (ASCO)"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["American Society of Hematology (ASH)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["American Society of Hematology (ASH)"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Ascencion St. Thomas Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ascencion St. Thomas Foundation"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Audubon Bioscience"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Audubon Bioscience"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Central Presbyterian Church in St. Louis"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Central Presbyterian Church in St. Louis"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Chaudhry Dunn Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Chaudhry Dunn Foundation"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["European Cancer Organization"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["European Cancer Organization"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Hope Through Healing Hands"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hope Through Healing Hands"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Hosting institutions donors"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hosting institutions donors"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Institute for Cancer Research Temple University"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institute for Cancer Research Temple University"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Mauro Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mauro Foundation"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Nashville Wine Auction"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nashville Wine Auction"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Oliver Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Oliver Foundation"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Paparelli Family"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Paparelli Family"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Private donations"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Private donations"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Robert J Havey Northwestern Institute for Global H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Robert J Havey Northwestern Institute for Global H"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC)"]}]},{"name":"Peace and Development Foundation","award":["US Oncology (OHC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["US Oncology (OHC)"]}]},{"name":"Operation Ukraine","award":["Private donations"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Private donations"]}]},{"name":"Operation Ukraine","award":["Razom for Ukraine grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Razom for Ukraine grant"]}]},{"name":"Help Ukraine Group","award":["Future Ukraine"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Future Ukraine"]}]},{"name":"Help Ukraine Group","award":["ICON Group"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICON Group"]}]},{"name":"Help Ukraine Group","award":["Institutional support"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institutional support"]}]},{"name":"Help Ukraine Group","award":["Nova Ukraine"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nova Ukraine"]}]},{"name":"Help Ukraine Group","award":["Stanford Global Scholars grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Stanford Global Scholars grant"]}]},{"name":"Help Ukraine Group","award":["UICC grants"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UICC grants"]}]},{"name":"Doctors United for Ukraine, Co","award":["Community Foundation of Eastern Connecticut"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Community Foundation of Eastern Connecticut"]}]},{"name":"Doctors United for Ukraine, Co","award":["Doctors United for Ukraine, Co"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctors United for Ukraine, Co"]}]},{"name":"Doctors United for Ukraine, Co","award":["Morgan Stanley GIFT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Morgan Stanley GIFT"]}]},{"name":"Doctors United for Ukraine, Co","award":["The MacMillan Center for International and Area St"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The MacMillan Center for International and Area St"]}]},{"name":"Doctors United for Ukraine, Co","award":["Yvette and Arthur Eder Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Yvette and Arthur Eder Foundation"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["Arthur Clarke and Susan Sloan"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Arthur Clarke and Susan Sloan"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["Gerard and Brigitte Moufflet"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Gerard and Brigitte Moufflet"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["Harvard Scholars at Risk"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Harvard Scholars at Risk"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["Institutional support"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institutional support"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["JMR Barker Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMR Barker Foundation"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["Rotary Club of Milwaukee"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rotary Club of Milwaukee"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["Union for International Cancer Control"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Union for International Cancer Control"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center at MGH Scholars a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center at MGH Scholars a"]}]},{"name":"Global Medical Knowledge Alliance (GMKA) and Heal Ukraine Group","award":["private donations"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["private donations"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pack the Plane to Ukraine"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pack the Plane to Ukraine"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Polsky Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Polsky Foundation"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Robert Havey Institute for Global Health: Feinberg"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Robert Havey Institute for Global Health: Feinberg"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Please see appendix A for funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional survey study evaluates the influence of international observerships organised by the coalition of healthcare professionals from academic institutions\u2014the Ukrainian Alliance for Medical Exchange and Development (UA-MED)\u2014on the professional development, knowledge transfer and clinical practice improvement of Ukrainian healthcare professionals during the war.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 263 international observerships were facilitated for 204 Ukrainian medical professionals across the institutions in the USA, Canada, Europe and Australia during 2022\u20132024. To assess the impact of these observerships, a survey was administered focusing on overall satisfaction, procedural knowledge gained and challenges faced when implementing new techniques on return. The primary outcome was the success score, defined as a composite score of implementing new procedures, initiating quality improvement projects and knowledge dissemination efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 128 medical professionals from 45 Ukrainian institutions who completed 138 observerships in 27 institutions abroad participated in the survey (response rate of 62.7%). Observers varied by profession: surgeons (32.8%), radiation oncologists (14.8%), medical oncologists (11.7%), anaesthesiologists (11.7%) and others. Observerships lasted a median of 4 weeks; 74.1% included conference attendance. The average success and satisfaction scores were 6.5\/10 and 9.3\/10, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The majority (92.7%) reported a shift in perception of how to practise medicine and 75.5% implemented new procedures on returning to Ukraine. Encouraged to disseminate knowledge, participants provided informal training to colleagues (67.3%), prepared presentations for their institutions (65.5%) and national conferences (32.7%), incorporated learnt materials into educational lectures (39.1%) and engaged in all the activities above (15.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The international observerships played an important role in enhancing the reported skills and knowledge of Ukrainian healthcare professionals during the war. Improvements were reported in clinical practice, medical education and the implementation of new procedures. The success of these observerships underscores the potential for similar programmes in other low-income and middle-income countries\/upper-middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T13:40:39Z","timestamp":1767879639000},"page":"e109052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of international observerships on Ukrainian healthcare professionals during the war: a cross-sectional survey study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nataliya","family":"Kovalchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Zinchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2293-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andriy","family":"Beznosenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rostyslav","family":"Semikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audubon Bioscience Co, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaliy","family":"Poylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3510-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alla","family":"Vash-Margita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataliya","family":"Uboha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalka","family":"Suchowerska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney, Sydney, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Iakovenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqeline","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Poznansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Kacharian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darya","family":"Kizub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serguei","family":"Melnitchouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelya","family":"Melnitchouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003950","article-title":"The effect of conflict on damage to medical facilities in Mariupol, Ukraine: A quasi-experimental study","volume":"5","author":"Poole","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.2","unstructured":"WHO . Survellance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) - Ukraine. Available: https:\/\/extranet.who.int\/ssa\/Index.aspx [Accessed 26 Mar 2025]."},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-018-0439-5","article-title":"Ukrainian health care system and its chances for successful transition from Soviet legacies","volume":"14","author":"Romaniuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.4","article-title":"Healthcare system amidst the war in Ukraine","volume":"80","author":"Shkodina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06267-1","article-title":"Barriers to Evidence-Based Colorectal Cancer Care in Ukraine","volume":"45","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/GO-24-00363","article-title":"Building an Effective International Medical Evacuation Program for Ukrainian Patients With Cancer Amid Prolonged Military Conflict","volume":"10","author":"Huivaniuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.12262","article-title":"Strengths and opportunities for improvement in surgical education in Ukraine: A qualitative study","volume":"48","author":"Dzhemiliev","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04768-2","article-title":"Medical education in times of war: a mixed-methods needs analysis at Ukrainian medical schools","volume":"23","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.9","first-page":"148","article-title":"Impact of Participation in an International Surgical Observership Program: Results of an Online Survey","volume":"8","author":"Aboutanos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007139","article-title":"An international exchange observership at Yale University: A Ugandan physician experience","volume":"92","author":"Musubire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000229","article-title":"Orthopaedic trauma observerships in North America for international surgeons: the visitors\u2019 perspective","volume":"6","author":"Urva","year":"2023","journal-title":"OTA Int"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0207"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002511","article-title":"Reconfiguring a One-Way Street: A Position Paper on Why and How to Improve Equity in Global Physician Training","volume":"94","author":"Hudspeth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1097\/CEH.0000000000000368","article-title":"Training Future International Clinical Academic Leaders Through a Structured Observership Program: Impact and Outcomes from the Initial Cohort","volume":"42","author":"Kuc","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Contin Educ Health Prof"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2021.1296","article-title":"Oncology training and education initiatives in low and middle income countries: a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Karim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1097\/00124784-200511001-00021","article-title":"Train-the-trainer as an educational model in public health preparedness","volume":"Suppl","author":"Orfaly","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.17","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Combining healthcare quality measures into composites or summary scores. Available: https:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/talkingquality\/translate\/scores\/combine-measures.html [Accessed 13 Jun 2025]."},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0193","article-title":"Global Health Training Collaborations: Lessons Learned and Best Practices","volume":"106","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14556","article-title":"WEO Newsletter: Global health: Impact of United States-based clinical observations in gastroenterology to enhance medical knowledge","volume":"35","author":"Stella-Maris Chinma Egboh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01464","article-title":"Pediatric Orthopaedic Observerships in North America for International Surgeons: The Visitor\u2019s Perspective","volume":"103","author":"Carrillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2022.100965","article-title":"While Ukrainian Soldiers Are Fearlessly Defending Their Country, Ukrainian Oncologists Are Bravely Battling Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Kovalchuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usad253","article-title":"Prehospital Lessons From the War in Ukraine: Damage Control Resuscitation and Surgery Experiences From Point of Injury to Role 2","volume":"189","author":"Quinn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000003434","article-title":"International Observerships in Global Neurosurgery: Overview and Analysis of a 40-Year Experience at Barrow Neurological Institute","volume":"97","author":"Rafka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0311","article-title":"Expanding Global Health Engagement through Fogarty Fellowship Programs","volume":"106","author":"Henry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-12154-x","article-title":"Retention strategies for medical doctors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): are they effective? A scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Jinah","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2018.114","article-title":"The Human Resources for Health Program in Rwanda - Reflections on Achievements and Challenges Comment on \u201cHealth Professional Training and Capacity Strengthening Through International Academic Partnerships: The First Five Years of the Human Resources for Health Program in Rwanda\u201d","volume":"8","author":"Delisle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.27","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global health observatory data repository. 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho [Accessed 7 May 2025]."},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.28","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick DL . Evaluating training programs: the four levels. 1st edn. San Francisco;Emeryville, CA: Berrett-Koehler;Publishers Group West, 1994."},{"key":"2026010805401941000_16.1.e109052.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14100955","article-title":"Maximizing the Impact and ROI of Leadership Development: A Theory- and Evidence-Informed Framework","volume":"14","author":"Geerts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Sci"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T13:40:48Z","timestamp":1767879648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}