{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:07:03Z","timestamp":1784678823509,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Truveta","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between use of newer glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs; semaglutide, tirzepatide) and alcohol-related hospitalisations among adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study using target trial emulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic health record data from a collective of US healthcare systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with AUD and T2D or obesity who started a newer GLP-1 RA (semaglutide or tirzepatide) or a relevant active comparator between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initiation of a newer GLP-1 RA compared with an active comparator across four target trials: (1) anti-diabetic medication (ADM) trial, (2) anti-obesity medication (AOM) trial, (3) medications for alcohol use disorder with T2D (MAUD-T2D) trial, and (4) medications for alcohol use disorder with obesity (MAUD-obesity) trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time to first alcohol-related emergency department visits or hospitalisation within 1 year of treatment initiation. Non-alcohol-related hospitalisation was assessed as a negative control outcome. Propensity score based methods (weighting and matching) were used to control confounding and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate treatment effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 40\u2009703 adults met study criteria, including 18\u2009676 in the ADM trial, 9391 in the AOM trial, 8942 in the MAUD-T2D trial and 11\u2009198 in the MAUD-obesity trial. Initiation of a newer GLP-1 RA was associated with a lower hazard of alcohol-related hospitalisation in the ADM trial (HR 0.74, 95%\u2009CI 0.62 to 0.89\u2009vs sulfonylureas; HR 0.78, 95%\u2009CI 0.65 to 0.92\u2009vs other ADMs), the AOM trial (HR 0.68, 95%\u2009CI 0.54 to 0.85\u2009vs other AOMs), the MAUD-T2D trial (HR 0.37, 95%\u2009CI 0.29 to 0.46) and the MAUD-obesity trial (HR 0.35, 95%\u2009CI 0.26 to 0.47).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among adults with AUD and T2D or obesity, initiation of newer GLP-1 RAs was associated with a lower observed risk of alcohol-related hospitalisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:14Z","timestamp":1784678414000},"page":"e109259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and alcohol-related hospitalisations among adults with alcohol use disorder: multi-target trial emulation study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-2450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia J","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Truveta Inc, Bellevue, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay B","family":"Lusk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9134-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemalkumar B","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas P","family":"Kalogeropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook Heart Institute, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Soneji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duy","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Truveta Inc, Bellevue, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Holler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Truveta Inc, Bellevue, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Webber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Truveta Inc, Bellevue, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ty","family":"Gluckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research, and Data Science (CARDS), Providence Heart Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Stucky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Truveta Inc, Bellevue, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072117000668000_16.7.e109259.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230488","article-title":"Overview of Alcohol Use Disorder","volume":"180","author":"Kranzler","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"2026072117000668000_16.7.e109259.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.03.025"},{"key":"2026072117000668000_16.7.e109259.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.031"},{"key":"2026072117000668000_16.7.e109259.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7308a1"},{"key":"2026072117000668000_16.7.e109259.5","unstructured":"Results from the 2023 national survey on drug use and health: detailed tables. 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