{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:25:17Z","timestamp":1791923117607,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Does a simulation-based training intervention with an artificial intelligence (AI) navigation system improve their clinical bronchoscopy performance? And can the AIs outcome measures be used to evaluate clinical performance?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2013postintervention study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Odense University Hospital of Southern Denmark, pulmonary endoscopy suite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine bronchoscopists (4 experienced, &gt;500 bronchoscopies and 5 intermediates, 10\u2013500 bronchoscopies).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnostic completeness (DC), structured progress (SP), procedure time (PT) and procedure efficiency (DC\/PT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome measures showed no statistically significant difference between the pre- and postintervention bronchoscopies DC: 53% versus 59%, p=0.16, SP: 29% versus 32%, p=0.35 and PT: 219\u2009s versus 181\u2009s, p=0.22. The experienced outperformed the intermediates regarding DC: 73% versus 43%, p&lt;0.001, SP: 47% versus 13%, p&lt;0.001 and procedure efficiency: 533\u2009s\/full inspection versus 274\u2009s\/full inspection, p&lt;0.001\u2009but not on PT: 189\u2009s versus 208\u2009s, p=0.53).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DC, SP and PT showed no statistically significant difference after a simulation-based training intervention. DC, SP and procedure efficiency differentiated between experienced and intermediate bronchoscopists and can be used to evaluate clinical bronchoscopy performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:00:33Z","timestamp":1767182433000},"page":"e109756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simulation-based training intervention using artificial intelligence to improve clinical bronchoscopy performance: a pre\u2013postintervention study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04862793","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7715-4073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristoffer M","family":"Cold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kildegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian B","family":"Laursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Konge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders B","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Education, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Svendbord, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010703494896000_15.12.e109756.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"2026010703494896000_15.12.e109756.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00128-2023","article-title":"Developing a pan-European technical standard for a comprehensive high-quality lung cancer computed tomography screening programme: an ERS technical standard","volume":"61","author":"Baldwin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026010703494896000_15.12.e109756.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00033015"},{"key":"2026010703494896000_15.12.e109756.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mhanna L , Guibert N , Mazieres J , et al . 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