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This study synthesises the types of area-based measures of SES used in Canada and the USA, the domains captured and their associations with health outcomes among PLWH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A scoping review of studies published in English between 2012 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science. The search combined \u2018HIV\u2019 with terms related to area-based SES measures. Eligible studies included PLWH, were based in Canada or the USA, used area-based SES measures and assessed health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened 3470 studies: 56 met inclusion criteria. Most were US-based (n=53) and focused solely on PLWH (n=46). Area-based SES was measured using composite (n=34), single (n=16) or both types of indicators (n=6), all drawn from census data. The most common SES domain was income\/poverty (n=56), the most common geographic unit was census tract (n=19) and the most common health outcome assessed was viral load\/suppression (n=29). Most studies linked lower area-based SES with poorer health outcomes among PLWH (n=46).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight the utility of area-based SES as an individual-level SES proxy and tool for capturing broader social determinants of health when assessing a range of health outcomes across studies including PLWH. This review contributes to strengthening methodological approaches and supports future work focused on addressing social determinants and advancing health equity for PLWH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-110285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:35:15Z","timestamp":1780590915000},"page":"e110285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Area-based measures of socioeconomic status in studies assessing health outcomes among people living with HIV in Canada and the USA: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8556-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Naidu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, 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