{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T09:55:38Z","timestamp":1789898138344,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of health","award":["NIHR-200132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR-200132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leprosy remains a significant public health challenge in many low and middle-income countries, including India. People affected by leprosy face multifaceted challenges: physical, psychological, social and economic. In response, donors support self-help groups (SHGs) to improve health, social integration and economic circumstances for marginalised people, including those with leprosy. This study aims to assess the sustainability of SHGs in India after the withdrawal of donor support by examining whether they remain functional and exploring the key factors, barriers and facilitators that influence their long-term social and economic viability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the functionality of SHGs after withdrawal of donor support, and to explore the factors, barriers and facilitators influencing their long-term social and economic sustainability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using qualitative methods, we conducted semistructured interviews with 40 key informants associated with five SHGs formed under the Self-Help Community Development Project implemented in an endemic state of India and funded by The Leprosy Mission Trust India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was an exploratory qualitative study using interviews with SHG members and key informants, situated within the self-help community-based project.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While some SHGs demonstrated resilience and adaptability, others faced challenges such as internal discord, loss of members to migration and lack of access to government schemes. Thematic analysis revealed key drivers and barriers to sustainability and realising the benefits of SHGs, highlighting variations in leadership, governance, economic performance and social engagement across groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SHGs are often sustained after the funding and managerial donor support have been withdrawn. The findings emphasise the importance of strong leadership, community support and external facilitation in sustaining SHGs and enhancing their impact on marginalised populations. This study contributes to understanding the role of SHGs in addressing the socioeconomic challenges faced by individuals affected by leprosy and offers insights for improving their long-term viability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-110417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:40:47Z","timestamp":1767969647000},"page":"e110417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sustaining community self-help groups beyond donor support: lessons from a qualitative study of self-help groups, including persons affected by leprosy and disability in rural India"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3242-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joydeepa","family":"Darlong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leprosy Mission Trust India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7714-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mythily VS","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leprosy Mission Trust India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4951-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onaedo","family":"Ilozumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Govindasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leprosy Mission Trust India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8302-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjali","family":"Shrivastva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leprosy Mission Trust India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5017-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sopna","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied health, University of Birmingham - Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5101-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje","family":"Lindenmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-984X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J","family":"Lilford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4173-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Centre for Global Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010906402948000_16.1.e110417.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.92.4.317","article-title":"Self-care programmes for people living with leprosy: a scoping review","volume":"92","author":"Ilozumba","year":"2021","journal-title":"LEPROSY"},{"key":"2026010906402948000_16.1.e110417.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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