{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:37:13Z","timestamp":1786621033733,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["430-2024-00449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430-2024-00449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although often treated as separate social issues, youth homelessness and sex trafficking overlap as homelessness can be both a cause and a consequence of being trafficked. The primary goal of this scoping review is to understand the existing evidence on interventions for youth who have experienced homelessness and\/or sex trafficking. We will identify potential differences in intervention design based on gender and Indigeneity and for youth who identify as two-spirited, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and\/or queer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We will use the scoping review framework originally developed by Arskey and O\u2019Malley and later refined by Peters\n                      <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Ongoing consultation will mainly occur through a Lived Experience Expert Committee, which consists of eight survivors of youth homelessness and sex trafficking, chaired by two survivors. This review was registered with the Open Science Framework and will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We will search for articles published between 2015 and 2026 in MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO), Social Work Abstracts (Ovid) and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (Proquest). We will include both published and unpublished literature from high-income countries that report on interventions or programmes supporting social, economic or post-traumatic growth for young people aged 16\u201329\u2009who have experienced homelessness or been involved in the sex industry. Data will be extracted using Covidence software and charted using a piloted data-charting table. Data will be analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Frequency counts will be produced for each data extraction category. We will apply basic qualitative content analysis to map the various types of interventions and identify characteristics of the articles, such as data on subpopulations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review does not involve human participants and therefore does not require approval from an institutional ethics board. However, we are dedicated to ongoing reflexivity, authentic partnerships with lived experience experts, fair compensation and efforts to reduce the risk of retraumatisation. The scoping review will inform the development of an intervention for youth who have experienced homelessness and sex trafficking and will be codesigned with lived experts. We will also disseminate our findings in peer-reviewed journals and through conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-110874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:10:13Z","timestamp":1786619413000},"page":"e110874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interventions for socioeconomic inclusion and post-traumatic growth in youth with histories of homelessness and sex trafficking: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4915-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Noble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Rogers Counselling and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Vanderheul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julia Marie Vanderheul Consulting Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Clancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Podner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Indigenous Social Work, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Zapreff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Policy and Administration, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Covenant House Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raven","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Covenant House Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.1","unstructured":"Homeless Hub . Canadian definition of youth homelessness. Toronto Canadian Observatory on Homelessness; 2016. Available: https:\/\/homelesshub.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Definition-of-Youth-Homelessness.pdf"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.2","unstructured":"Clancey A . Realities of the anti-trafficked: how Canada\u2019s human trafficking response increases vulnerability for immigrant sex workers. SWAN Vancouver Society (Supporting Women\u2019s Alternatives Network Society); 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Content\/Committee\/421\/JUST\/Brief\/BR9760992\/br-external\/SupportingWomensAlternativesNetworkSociety-e.pdf"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-018-0229-5","article-title":"An Ecological Analysis of Risk Factors for Runaway Behavior among Individuals Exposed to Commercial Sexual Exploitation","volume":"12","author":"Fedina","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Trauma"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018821956","article-title":"Vulnerabilities Relevant for Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children\/Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors","volume":"22","author":"Franchino-Olsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231201815","article-title":"Risk and Protective Factors for Sexual Exploitation in Male and Female Youth From a Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Mercera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2025.108552","article-title":"\u201cLike shooting fish in a barrel:\u201d recruitment into sex trafficking in emergency shelters for youth experiencing homelessness","volume":"179","author":"Noble","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.7","unstructured":"Noble A , Coplan I , Suleiman A , et al . Getting out: a national framework for exiting sex trafficking in Canada. Toronto Covenant House Toronto; 2020. 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Systemic inequities and interjurisdictional issues in human trafficking and mmiwg2s+. 2023. Available: https:\/\/nwac.ca\/assets-documents\/Issues_in_Human_trafficking_and_MMIWG2S.pdf"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.13","unstructured":"Public Safety Canada . Sex trafficking. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-safety-canada\/campaigns\/human-trafficking\/sex-trafficking.html"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.14","unstructured":"Heidinger L . Trafficking in persons in Canada, 2022. Statistics Canada; 2023. 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Protection services for 16- and 17-year-olds. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/files\/2022-04\/mccss-information-for-youth-serving-agencies-en-2022-04-04.pdf"},{"key":"2026081304100879000_16.8.e110874.35","unstructured":"Government of Canada . Canada\u2019s first state of youth report: for youth, with youth by youth. 2021. 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