{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:43:23Z","timestamp":1788641003639,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tier 2 CRC in Health Systems Innovation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tier 2 CRC in Health Systems Innovation"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alberta SPOR SUPPORT Unit","award":["Graduate Studentship in Patient-Oriented Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Graduate Studentship in Patient-Oriented Research"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Canada Graduate Scholarship \u2013 Doctoral (CGS-D)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Canada Graduate Scholarship \u2013 Doctoral (CGS-D)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The roles of pharmacy staff have expanded to include public health functions, such as delivering harm reduction services for people who use drugs (PWUD), particularly unregulated substances and non-medical drug use, in response to an ongoing drug overdose crisis. Nonetheless, their involvement across the full spectrum of harm reduction services remains underexplored. This study mapped existing research describing or evaluating the implementation of harm reduction services for PWUD provided by pharmacy staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library (inception to July 2025).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study selection<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies reporting on the description or evaluation of harm reduction services for PWUD provided by pharmacy staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two team members screened studies for eligibility and extracted the data. The data were analysed primarily to describe harm reduction services and the role of pharmacy staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>43 articles were included. The most frequently reported harm reduction services were sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection care (33%), needle and syringe programmes (21%), naloxone distribution (19%) and medication treatment for opioid use disorder (19%). Pharmacy staff were integrated into multidisciplinary teams (79%), with their roles varying from education to medication prescribing. Included studies reported harm reduction services for PWUD delivered by pharmacy staff as effective, feasible and safe. However, implementations were not tailored to equity-deserving populations. Services primarily addressed opioid-related harms, while strategies focusing on the use of non-opioid substances were limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review highlights the diverse roles pharmacy staff play in delivering harm reduction services for PWUD. Positioned at the intersection of accessibility and healthcare delivery, pharmacy staff are ideally situated to expand access to equitable care. To fully harness this potential, future research and practice should embed harm reduction as a core philosophy, extending beyond individual interventions to support the creation of person-centred, non-judgmental and low-barrier services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-110929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:55:24Z","timestamp":1772459724000},"page":"e110929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Harm reduction and pharmacy practice: a scoping review of services for people who use drugs provided by pharmacy staff"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8463-6473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javiera","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2860-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2476-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6227-6232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Essi","family":"Salokangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marliss","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Boyle Street Community Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janice Y","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John W. 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