{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:18:15Z","timestamp":1783588695406,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Excellence, Diversity, and Independence","award":["503102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Every 2\u2009minutes, a woman dies from cervical cancer, resulting in over 300\u2009000 preventable deaths globally. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and are preventable with HPV vaccination and screening through Papanicolaou (Pap) and HPV tests. In Canada, cervical cancer mortality rates have declined in recent decades with more accessible cervical cancer screening programmes. However, screening rates remain low, particularly among Black women and people with a cervix (WPC).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical cancer screening studies of Black WPC in Ontario\u2014Canada\u2019s most populous province\u2014are limited. These studies indicate Black WPCs are at elevated risk for under-screening, with many overdue for screening.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>An innovative approach to begin addressing delays is HPV self-sampling (HPVSS). Self-sampling is a cost-effective and more accurate test for detecting high-risk HPV infections associated with precancerous changes versus the Pap test. Self-sampling supports Canada\u2019s action plan\u2014a response to WHO\u2019s global strategy\u2014to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Despite Canada\u2019s plan, research on the state of Black WPCs\u2019 HPV knowledge and self-sampling interventions tailored to them is scant. These scarcities are concerning as Ontario plans to implement HPV primary screening and offer HPVSS soon.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The study objective is to codevelop an HPVSS intervention tailored for and made by Black WPC in Peel region, Ontario. This protocol focuses on phase one of a two-phased study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In phase one, a qualitative, community-informed approach, co-led by community research assistants, will be used to purposively recruit 10 service providers (eg, clinicians, social workers, community care workers) and 40 Black WPC who will undergo one-on-one semistructured interviews and sociodemographic surveys to explore the state of: (1) Black WPC\u2019s level of HPV, cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening knowledge; (2) Black WPC\u2019s motivators, beliefs, attitudes and misconceptions towards HPVSS; (3) Black WPC\u2019s perceived barriers and facilitators to HPVSS and (4) service providers\u2019 perspectives on Black WPC\u2019s barriers and facilitators to HPVSS. Charmaz\u2019s grounded theory approach and intersectionality will guide data collection and analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval has been obtained from the Trillium Health Partners Research Ethics Board (ID#1207). Study findings will be disseminated through community healthcare events, conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and virtual and physical pamphlets. Additionally, summaries of the findings will be shared and tailored to collaborators, healthcare leadership and researchers and community health centres. Wide dissemination will help enhance understanding of the state of cervical cancer screening, HPV and HPVSS among Black WPC. Given Canada\u2019s commitment to eliminating cervical cancer, study findings will be used to begin developing an HPVSS intervention for Black communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-110930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:30:15Z","timestamp":1776864615000},"page":"e110930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EMPOWHPVR: exploring the factors that impact HPV self-sampling uptake amongst Black women and people with a cervix in Peel region, Ontario \u2013 a qualitative study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2500-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nakia K","family":"Lee-Foon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7322-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisha","family":"Lofters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital, Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keddone","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAMP Community Health Centre, LAMP Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5783-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina S","family":"Ogilvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Notisha","family":"Massaquoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Kuluski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070902002978000_16.4.e110930.1","unstructured":"Cervical Cancer Action for Elimination . 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