{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:15:39Z","timestamp":1788509739689,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the availability of mental health services and resources across a stratified multistage sample of care and treatment clinics (CTCs) delivering HIV care from eight geographical zones of Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional facility-based baseline survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>81 CTCs representing national geographical zones and service delivery tiers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health facility in-charges or service providers with knowledge of HIV\/non-communicable disease (NCD) services (Tier 1: n=11; Tier 2: n=13; Tier 3: n=9; Tier 4: n=48).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Availability of (1) trained mental health professionals, (2) screening\/assessment tools for mental health and (3) educational materials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mental health services were unevenly distributed across facility tiers. Over half of Tier 1 facilities reported having trained mental health professionals (6\/11; 54.5%) and screening tools (6\/11; 54.5%), compared with only 35.4% (17\/48) and 2.1% (1\/48), respectively, in Tier 4 facilities. No Tier 2 or Tier 3 facilities reported availability of trained staff or screening tools. Educational materials were present in only 18.2% (2\/11) of Tier 1 facilities and 8.3% (4\/48) of Tier 4 facilities. Overall, more than two-thirds of facilities lacked any mental health resource assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mental health services remain limited across all facility levels, with nearly complete absence at lower-tier facilities. Urgent investment is required to integrate mental health into HIV and NCD care, especially at primary care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-111089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:10:12Z","timestamp":1786619412000},"page":"e111089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bridging the gap: to what extent are mental health services available in HIV Care and Treatment Centres in Tanzania? A cross-sectional facility-based baseline survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7569-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godbless Henry","family":"Mfuru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija I","family":"Yahya-Malima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Management, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Osima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Massawe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzanian National AIDS, STIs and Hepatitis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tumain","family":"Goodluck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Section, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-0825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson","family":"Bendera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omary","family":"Ubuguyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Section, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kibusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101675","article-title":"Quantifying the global burden of mental disorders and their economic value","volume":"54","author":"Arias","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03623-w","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00222-0","article-title":"Global Burden of Disease 2021: mental health messages","volume":"11","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000100"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31612-x"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001887","article-title":"Models of integration of HIV and noncommunicable disease care in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons learned and evidence gaps","volume":"32 Suppl 1","author":"Njuguna","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.7","article-title":"Integration of HIV and noncommunicable diseases in health care delivery in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"9","author":"Nigatu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2025.2543604","article-title":"Models of care for noncommunicable diseases in primary care: key elements and design in low- and middle-income countries - a scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Eltigany","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2023.5","article-title":"Expanding mental health services in low- and middle-income countries: A task-shifting framework for delivery of comprehensive, collaborative, and community-based care","volume":"10","author":"Bolton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Camb prisms Glob ment health"},{"key":"2026090400404648000_16.8.e111089.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel NM , Savaliya GV , Mehta PJ , et al . 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