{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:03:40Z","timestamp":1793124220877,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center in the Islamic Azad University Babol Campus.","award":["No specific grant number was assigned."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No specific grant number was assigned."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to investigate the mistreatment of women during childbirth and its determining factors in a selected maternity hospital in Mazandaran\/Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was designed in 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal and child clinics in the cities of Amol and Babol in Mazandaran\/Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Precipitants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population consisted of 215\u2009women who were selected via convenience sampling and were at least 8 weeks postpartum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants in the study reported experiencing at least one form of mistreatment. 42% of cases experienced three types of mistreatment. The highest reported level of mistreatment was related to the poor relationship between women and service providers (88.1%) and physical abuse (80.9%), respectively. The overall satisfaction score for care was 33.96\u00b19.17. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher maternal age was significantly associated with lower odds of physical mistreatment (OR=0.923, 95% CI 0.865 to 0.985, p=0.016). Women without doula accompaniment during childbirth had higher odds of experiencing a lack of privacy compared with those who had a doula (OR=2.77, 95%\u2009CI 1.41 to 5.42, p=0.003), and failure to meet needs (OR=2.2; 95%\u2009CI 1.13 to 4.28; p=0.020), but significantly lower odds of experiencing poor communication (OR=0.128; 95%\u2009CI 0.043 to 0.337; p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of mistreatment in participants in the selected hospitals was notable. The most reported mistreatment was the lack of effective communication between staff and the patient, followed by physical mistreatment and the lack of respect for privacy. Factors related to mistreatment included the mother\u2019s age and the presence of a companion (doula) during delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-111614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:25:20Z","timestamp":1778599520000},"page":"e111614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mistreatment of women during childbirth and its determinants: a cross-sectional study in Mazandaran\/Iran"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-3149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Firouzbakht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Bab.C, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Mazandaran Province, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center, Bab.C, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Mazandaran Province, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nikpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Sharif-Nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Alijanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062608315772000_16.5.e111614.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271278","article-title":"Development of an instrument to measure mistreatment of women during childbirth through item response theory","volume":"17","author":"Paiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026062608315772000_16.5.e111614.2","unstructured":"WHO . 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