{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:29:56Z","timestamp":1787754596011,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to identify associated sociodemographic, lifestyle and comorbidity-related factors among men aged \u226550 years in a community setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community-based cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary care and community settings in a district of southern India using multistage cluster sampling across urban and rural areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 560 men aged \u226550 years were enrolled and completed the study. Participants were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Men with known alternative causes of LUTS (such as urinary tract infection, neurological disorders or prior prostate surgery) were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the prevalence of LUTS, suggestive of BPH, defined as an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) \u22658. Secondary outcomes included the distribution of individual urinary symptoms, IPSS severity categories, quality-of-life scores and factors associated with LUTS. Outcomes were analysed using survey-weighted methods accounting for clustering and sampling weights.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The survey-weighted mean (SD) IPSS score was 3.46 (2.64), with a median (IQR) of 3 (2-4). Most participants reported minimal urinary symptoms, including no incomplete emptying (82.1%), no urgency (81.4%), normal urinary stream (90.5%), and no straining (90.0%). Nocturia was common, with 43.6% waking once and 28.8% waking twice per night. Overall, 80.2% were mildly symptomatic, 10.1% moderately symptomatic and 0.4% severely symptomatic. The prevalence of LUTS suggestive of BPH was 10.32% (n=58; 95%\u2009CI 5.7 to 18.0). In survey-weighted multivariable Poisson regression, below-poverty-line status (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) 4.13; 95%\u2009CI 1.38 to 12.41), physical inactivity (APR 2.89; 95%\u2009CI 1.81 to 4.63), diabetes mellitus (APR 2.58; 95%\u2009CI 1.26 to 5.30), cardiac disease (APR 3.27; 95%\u2009CI 1.67 to 6.41), and arthritis (APR 1.88; 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 3.42) were independently associated with LUTS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately one in ten men aged \u226550 years had LUTS, suggestive of BPH. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of LUTS among men with socioeconomic disadvantage, physical inactivity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. Integrating symptom-based screening for LUTS into routine primary care and chronic disease follow-up may facilitate early identification and improve quality of life among older men. Further research is warranted to explore longitudinal relationships and alternative symptom thresholds in community populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:55:21Z","timestamp":1773406521000},"page":"e112138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and factors associated with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia among men aged 50 years and above in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India: a community-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"B Naga Selva","family":"Pandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Ernakulam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobha","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Ernakulam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0298-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeby Jose","family":"Olickal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Ernakulam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4536-2684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavumpurathu Raman","family":"Thankappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Ernakulam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.1","unstructured":"Ng M , Leslie SW , Baradhi KM . Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2025 Available: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK558920\/"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022792","article-title":"Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS\/BPH) in China: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_20_17","article-title":"Pathophysiology of benign prostate enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms: Current concepts","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tzu Chi Med J"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.10.018","article-title":"Patient-Friendly Summary of the ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-Suspicion of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"19","author":"Newman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41926"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global incidence and YLDs for BPH, 1990-2019","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo GI , Urz\u00ec D , Cimino S . Epidemiology of LUTS and BPH. Elsevier eBook, 2018:1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811397-4.00001-9"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.20230249","article-title":"Epidemiology of male LUTS associated with BPH: 20-year Korean data","volume":"65","author":"Jeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig Clin Urol"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2021.05.008","article-title":"Overview of BPH in Unani medicine","volume":"9","author":"Bhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Urol"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2316_20","article-title":"LUTS prevalence among men in Bangalore slums","volume":"10","author":"Kant","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim 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Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"27","author":"Kaosaiyanant","year":"2023","journal-title":"PRIJNR"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.21608\/asnj.2024.327008.1928","article-title":"Relationship between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients\u2019 Quality of Life and the Severity of Their Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms","volume":"12","author":"Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.59298\/IDOSRJSR\/2024\/9.3.1420.100","article-title":"Psychological impact of chronic prostate disorders","volume":"9","author":"Omeye","year":"2024","journal-title":"IDOSR J Sci Res"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.12.008","article-title":"Reimagining Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic 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Diet as a risk factor and intervention for LUTS secondary to BPH. In: Molecular mechanisms of nutritional interventions and supplements for the management of sexual dysfunction and BPH. 2021: 43\u201356.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819765-3.00001-7"},{"key":"2026062609362819000_16.3.e112138.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-28671-6","article-title":"The association between arthritis and the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:41:13Z","timestamp":1782492073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112138","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}