{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:52:00Z","timestamp":1776102720238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaemia is highly prevalent among the indigenous population globally. Several interventions have been used to prevent and manage nutritional anaemia, including dietary measures, health education, oral iron supplements, food fortification and intravenous iron therapy. This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and treatment of nutritional anaemia in indigenous populations worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The review will include randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and observational studies evaluating interventions, including but not limited to iron and folic acid supplementation, dietary modifications, food fortification, deworming and health education. A robust search strategy will be developed, and six electronic bibliographic databases and Google Scholar will be searched from 2000 to 2025. Two reviewers will independently screen the identified studies, extract data, conduct a critical appraisal and evaluate quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Based on the level of heterogeneity, a meta-analysis will be conducted using either a fixed-effect or random-effects model, with pooled estimates, and 95% CIs. The I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic will be used to evaluate heterogeneity. When meta-analysis is not feasible, narrative synthesis will be conducted. The impact of the intervention type and delivery model will be investigated using subgroup analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO. Ethical approval is not required as the study does not collect primary data from participants. The findings will be communicated via peer-reviewed journal articles and presentations at national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD420251120554.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:50:20Z","timestamp":1776099020000},"page":"e112201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of anaemia interventions in indigenous populations across the globe: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7157-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavan Kumar","family":"Thatoju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9407-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sneha Deepak","family":"Mallya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8476-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay Shree","family":"Dhyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3210-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjitha S","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namratha Pai","family":"Kotebagilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics and Applied Nutrition, Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay M","family":"Pattanshetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIMS Institute of Public Health and Governance, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeshwari G","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manjula Anil","family":"Kunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases,Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amudha","family":"Poobalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041309501148000_16.4.e112201.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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