{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:53:34Z","timestamp":1782489214226,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"University of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Odense University Hospital","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Socioeconomic inequalities exist in infectious diseases and sepsis in high-income countries. We investigated the association between income and mortality among patients with sepsis, overall and among those treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) versus general wards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective register-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Region of Southern Denmark (RSD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All adult patients with an unplanned contact with a hospital in the RSD from 1 January 2016 to 20 March 2018. Patients with sepsis were identified based on the following criteria: (1) blood culture(s) performed within 48 hours of arrival, (2) antibiotic(s) administered within 48 hours of arrival, (3) a discharge diagnosis of infection and (4) a SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score of \u22652. The cohort was divided into quartiles according to household income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between income groups and mortality. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality with 7-day and 365-day mortality as secondary outcomes. All outcomes were calculated overall and stratified by general ward treatment only and ICU admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 7813 first-time visits with community-acquired sepsis, including 886 ICU admissions (11.3%). Among patients in the lowest income group, sepsis was associated with a HR of 1.16 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.34) for 90-day mortality compared with the highest income group. This association was particularly pronounced at 365-day follow-up: HR=1.24 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.39). No difference was observed in 7-day all-cause mortality, HR=1.13 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.45). The association was not observed among patients admitted to the ICU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low income was associated with increased mortality in patients with sepsis, particularly during long-term follow-up. The impact of income disparities was not observed among patient admitted to the ICU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:05:25Z","timestamp":1778249125000},"page":"e112451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socioeconomic disparities and mortality among acute patients with sepsis: a retrospective Danish cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2207-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Schade Skov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikkel","family":"Brabrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"},{"name":"Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming Sch\u00f8nning","family":"Rosenvinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Skj\u00f8t-Arkil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Backer","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Region of Southern Denmark, 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