{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:09:11Z","timestamp":1778767751781,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency, Support for Pioneering Research Initiated","award":["JPMJSP2109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As of 2024, paid paternity leave was available in 102 countries worldwide. However, the accessibility and methods of taking paternity leave are influenced by cultural background and individual values, leading to variations in uptake rate. Both positive and negative effects of paternity leave have been reported on the health of fathers, partners and children. A comprehensive understanding of this topic is essential for medical professionals supporting fathers undertaking childcare. The aim of this review is to identify and provide an overview of research related to the impact of paternity leave on the health of fathers, their partners and their children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Ichushi-Web (Japan\u2019s medical literature database) will be searched for published studies, and Google Scholar, ProQuest and CiNii Research (a database used to search for academic information in Japan) will be searched for grey literature. Screening will be performed by two independent reviewers. In this scoping review, we will include studies that focus on fathers taking paternity leave, their partners and their children, regardless of ethnicity or geographic location. This review will focus only on studies related to effects within 3 years after childbirth. We will not restrict study inclusion by whether paternity leave is paid or unpaid, the length of the leave or whether it was taken solely by the father. Furthermore, we will include both English and Japanese literature. The findings of this scoping review will be presented in tabular form and summarised in a way that aligns with the review questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper does not involve human participants, so approval by an ethics committee is not required. The results of this scoping review will be presented in academic conferences and disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/jsc89\">https:\/\/osf.io\/jsc89<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-112830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:15:56Z","timestamp":1778764556000},"page":"e112830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of paternity leave on the health of fathers and their families: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4768-8684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mio","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Nursing, Doctoral Degree Program, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5987-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asana","family":"Shimazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3493-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunie","family":"Maehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"JBI Chiba University Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2011-200181"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.2","unstructured":"International Labour Organization . Social dialogue report 2024: peak-level social dialogue for economic development and social progress 2024. 2024 Available: https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/publications\/flagship-reports\/social-dialogue-report-2024-peak-level-social-dialogue-economic-development"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci14030168","article-title":"Fathers, Families, and Society: A Two-Decade Systematic Literature Review on the Contexts and Consequences of Paternity and Parental Leave for Fathers","volume":"14","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2076","journal-title":"Soc Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1017\/asjcl.2025.5","article-title":"Misdirected by the \u2018daddy quota\u2019: A comparative study of paid parental leave across twenty-one Asian nations","volume":"20","author":"Vijeyarasa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian J Comp Law"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1999.00978.x"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/13668800701575069","article-title":"Effects of parental leave and work hours on fathers' involvement with their babies","volume":"10","author":"Tanaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community, Work & Family"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.668028","article-title":"Paternal Leave and Father-Infant Bonding: Findings From the Population-Based Cohort Study DREAM","volume":"12","author":"Schaber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3149\/jmh.0903.161"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00572.x"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112915"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00288-2","article-title":"Paternity leave uptake and parental post-partum depression: findings from the ELFE cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Barry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912087"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-24-00046","article-title":"Effect of paternity leave or fathers\u2019 parental leave on infant health: a systematic review protocol","volume":"23","author":"Nick","year":"2025","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"2026051406153544000_16.5.e112830.14","unstructured":"Anastasia T , Rebecca N , Victoria F . n.d. 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