{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:32:13Z","timestamp":1770910333648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82474612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is a multifactorial disease involving physical dysfunction and psychological distress. Acupuncture and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) are two non-pharmacological therapies recommended by guidelines, which have been proven effective in improving the clinical symptoms of CNLBP. However, the efficacy of their combined use has yet to be explored. This study aims to explore whether the combination of acupuncture and MBSR would have different synergistic effects in patients with CNLBP compared with acupuncture or MBSR alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol describes a randomised controlled trial with a 2\u00d72 factorial design involving 120 CNLBP patients. Participants will be randomly allocated to four groups: (1) acupuncture, (2) MBSR, (3) acupuncture combined with MBSR, and (4) health education. The intervention period is 6 weeks. The outcome measurements will include the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tactile Acuity Test, Short-form of McGill Pain Questionnairethe(SF-MPQ); Roland-Morris Functional Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Regulatory Self-Efficacy Scale (RESE), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS);Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire(PSQ); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI). All evaluations will be conducted at the baseline stage as well as 6 weeks and 4 months after the implementation of the intervention measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of the Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2024KY-041-04). The results of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at scientific conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ITMCTR2025000764.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-113227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:40:48Z","timestamp":1770907248000},"page":"e113227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of acupuncture and mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic non-specific low back pain: study protocol for a 2\u00d72 factorial randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huibiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province - Rehabilitation Campus, Luoyang, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siying","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0350-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2459"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2032396"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8957847","article-title":"The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP): Consensus on the Assessment and Management of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain","volume":"2019","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041685","article-title":"Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review of Recent International Guidelines for Diagnosis and Conservative Treatment","volume":"12","author":"Nicol","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.10.012","article-title":"Definitions of Chronic Low Back Pain From a Scoping Review, and Analyses of Narratives and Self-Reported Health of Adults With Low Back Pain","volume":"24","author":"Herman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.6","first-page":"697","article-title":"Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Return To Work","volume":"100","author":"Becker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050496","article-title":"Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Differences by Sex: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"14","author":"Pericot-Mozo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322929","article-title":"The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for low back pain in China: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-230252","article-title":"Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Hernandez-Lucas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2367"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27536130231171854","DOI":"10.1177\/27536130231171854","article-title":"Gulf War Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial Combining Mindfulness Meditation and Auricular Acupuncture","volume":"12","author":"Breneman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob Adv Integr Med Health"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.12","first-page":"1042","article-title":"The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Combined with Warm Acupuncture on Pain Scores and Lumbar Function in Pilots with Cervical and Lumbar Vertebra Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Convalescent Medicine"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839470","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/839470","article-title":"The Effects of Acupuncture on Cerebral and Muscular Microcirculation: A Systematic Review of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Studies","volume":"2015","author":"Lo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2013.0442","article-title":"Local changes in microcirculation and the analgesic effects of acupuncture: a laser Doppler perfusion imaging study","volume":"21","author":"Min","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9874207","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9874207","article-title":"Changes of Local Blood Flow in Response to Acupuncture Stimulation: A Systematic Review","volume":"2016","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8579743","article-title":"Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study","volume":"2020","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22787","article-title":"Effect of Electroacupuncture vs Sham Treatment on Change in Pain Severity Among Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"3","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2021.2011556","article-title":"A Case-Series of Dry Needling as an Immediate Sensory Integration Intervention","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.19","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain","volume":"12","author":"Mu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2323"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.22","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Mindfulness Meditation: Impact on Attentional Control and Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"36","author":"Prakash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1849746","article-title":"Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Treating Chronic Pain A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Pei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology, Health & Medicine"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2023.2236296","article-title":"The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic neck pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Ploutarchou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101623","article-title":"The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on physical function in individuals with chronic low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Soundararajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2017-011622","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of acupuncture on pain and function in non-specific low back pain","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/09645284221107685","article-title":"Effect of trigger point acupuncture on pain and functional activity in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220962440","article-title":"Can Acupuncture Improve Chronic Spinal Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000635"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12605","article-title":"Effects of mindfulness meditation on chronic pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"la Cour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep006"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.7090","article-title":"Effectiveness of Mindfulness Meditation vs Headache Education for Adults With Migraine: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"181","author":"Wells","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f93"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819e2b34","article-title":"Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1986)"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.03.013"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06279-5"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2014.01.002"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2015.12.012","article-title":"The point-to-point test: A new diagnostic tool for measuring lumbar tactile acuity? Inter and intra-examiner reliability study of pain-free subjects","volume":"22","author":"Adamczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny220","article-title":"Preliminary Validation of a Two-Point Estimation Task for the Measurement of Sensory Dissociation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain","volume":"20","author":"Adamczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31823b0460","article-title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Simplified Chinese Version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire","volume":"37","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1986)"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030807","article-title":"Reliability and validity of simplified Chinese version of Roland-Morris questionnaire in evaluating rural and urban patients with low back pain","volume":"7","author":"Yi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818018d8","article-title":"Development of a Chinese Version of the Oswestry Disability Index Version 2.1","volume":"33","author":"Lue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1986)"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017","article-title":"The Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"25","author":"Fairbank","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1986)"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-019-09776-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Five Facet of Mindfulness Questionnaire","volume":"42","author":"Shallcross","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113485121"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10142","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910142","article-title":"The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21: Development and Validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-Item in Psychiatric Patients and the General Public for Easier Mental Health Measurement in a Post COVID-19 World","volume":"18","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.06.041","article-title":"Extending the utility of the Depression Anxiety Stress scale by examining its psychometric properties in Chinese settings","volume":"200","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.20.3.227"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09260-z","article-title":"Mediating effects of resilience on regulatory emotional self-efficacy and adverse mental health outcomes among college students in China","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206917","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) in family caregivers of children with chronic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Toledano-Toledano","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.548965","article-title":"The Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II With Middle School Teachers","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217765","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer","volume":"17","author":"Toledano-Toledano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105316658971","article-title":"Factor structure and psychometric properties of Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory in Chinese doctors","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ff5a7","article-title":"The italian version of the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ-I): Cross-cultural adaptation, factor analysis, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change","volume":"37","author":"Monticone","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1986)"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001003800612","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire","volume":"38","author":"Pei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0007-4"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070408237","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806918755283","article-title":"Translation and validation of simplified Chinese version of the pain catastrophizing scale in chronic pain patients: Education may matter","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12587"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.025"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-4346-x"},{"key":"2026021206403351000_16.2.e113227.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-04044-2","article-title":"Evaluating sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in nursing students: psychometric validation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale","volume":"24","author":"Peria\u00f1ez","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-113227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:40:54Z","timestamp":1770907254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-113227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-113227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-113227","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}