{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T01:04:40Z","timestamp":1777770280152,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of malaria parasite carriage and anaemia among senior high school students and to identify the demographic, behavioural and residential factors associated with these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were enrolled from Tempane Senior High School students in the Tempane District of the Upper East Region of Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>290 senior high school students aged 15\u201322 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic characteristics, residential status and insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) use were collected using a structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were obtained for malaria parasite detection by microscopy and haemoglobin measurement. Association analysis was performed using logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of malaria parasite carriage was 23.1%, while 49.0% of participants were anaemic. Day students had a significantly higher prevalence of malaria (59.2%) than boarding students (15.8%) (p&lt;0.001). Malaria parasite infection was also more common among students who did not use ITNs (39.7%) compared with users (5.0%) (p&lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, not using ITN (adjusted OR (aOR)=15.97; 95%\u2009CI 6.33 to 40.32; p&lt;0.001) and being a day student (aOR=5.65; 95%\u2009CI 2.58 to 12.36; p&lt;0.001) were significant predictors of malaria parasite infection. Students infected with malaria parasites had significantly lower mean haemoglobin (11.50\u00b11.43\u2009g\/dL) than uninfected students (12.56\u00b11.35\u2009g\/dL) (p&lt;0.001). Malaria parasite infection (aOR=9.36; 95%\u2009CI 3.91 to 22.42; p&lt;0.001) and male students (aOR=2.26; 95%\u2009CI 1.09 to 4.65; p=0.028) were associated with higher odds of anaemia. Whereas age groups 18\u201320 years (aOR=0.41; 95%\u2009CI 0.17 to 0.97; p=0.043) and those above 20 years (aOR=0.07; 95%\u2009CI 0.02 to 0.27; p&lt;0.001) were associated with lower odds of anaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malaria and anaemia remain prevalent among senior high school students in the Upper East Region of Ghana, with asymptomatic malaria strongly linked to anaemia. Not using ITN and being a day student significantly increased the odds of malaria parasite infection. These findings underscore the need to extend malaria prevention interventions to adolescents through school-based programmes, including routine screening, treatment and promotion of consistent ITN use, especially among day students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-113799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:31:30Z","timestamp":1777480290000},"page":"e113799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage and anaemia among senior high school students in Tempane District of the Upper East Region of Ghana: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"John Atibil","family":"Awindago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Millicent","family":"Captain-Esoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace Adzo","family":"Motey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elijah Dakorah","family":"Angyiereyiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mawuli Kwamla","family":"Azameti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8813-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Rockson","family":"Adjei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Country Office, World Health Organization, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin Ntiamoah","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo Kyeremeh","family":"Frempong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1880-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvester Donne","family":"Dassah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042909301506000_16.4.e113799.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . \u201cWorld malaria report 2023,\u201d Geneva: WHO, Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2023?utm_source=chatgpt.com [Accessed 29 Oct 2025]."},{"key":"2026042909301506000_16.4.e113799.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05038-2","article-title":"Patient socio-demographics and clinical factors associated with malaria mortality: a case control study in the northern region of Ghana","volume":"23","author":"Peprah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2026042909301506000_16.4.e113799.3","unstructured":"Ghana Statistical Services . 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