{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T01:04:41Z","timestamp":1777770281951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disasters often cause large numbers of injuries, including fractures, lacerations and amputations, which overwhelm emergency services. Orthotic and prosthetic solutions can provide timely primary care, reduce the need for surgery and prevent complications. A structured framework for preparedness and response is required to integrate these solutions into disaster risk management. This study aims to develop such a framework to enhance rehabilitation and reduce secondary injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multimethod protocol comprises three phases. First, a systematic scoping review will be conducted following Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-Systematic Scoping review (ScR) guidelines to identify evidence on orthotic and prosthetic integration across disaster management stages. Second, qualitative content analysis will be performed through semistructured interviews with healthcare providers, policy makers and service organisations to capture perspectives on practical application. The interview data will be analysed using conventional content analysis. The rigour and trustworthiness of the findings will be evaluated using the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. Third, the Delphi method will be used to refine and consolidate recommendations for strategic integration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (ethics code: IR.USWR.REC.1404.154). Informed consent, written or verbal as appropriate, will be obtained from all interview and Delphi participants. No patients or members of the public were involved in the design or planning of this protocol. However, in future research phases, we plan to present the findings to individuals with disabilities who require orthotic\/prosthetic devices. Their feedback on the proposed service delivery methods will be sought, and they may also be invited to contribute to the development of plain-language summaries of the results. Findings will also be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations at relevant conferences and policy briefs for disaster management and rehabilitation authorities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-114176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:31:39Z","timestamp":1777480299000},"page":"e114176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating orthotic and prosthetic solutions into disaster risk management: a multimethod study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Farhoud","family":"Saeid Ershadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9532-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Khankeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charite QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, BE, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hosseinzadeh Khankahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8132-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Motie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6840-1300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shima","family":"Shirozhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Saatchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05905-4","article-title":"Traumatic Injuries are the Main Indication for Limb Amputations During and After Humanitarian Crises","volume":"45","author":"Naidu","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-024-00559-2","article-title":"Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF): the WSES and CWIS position paper","volume":"19","author":"Sermonesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-024-01217-x","article-title":"Aftermath T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s double earthquake: detailed analysis of fracture characteristics and acute management from a level I trauma center","volume":"32","author":"G\u00f6kmen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X12000088","article-title":"A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Surgical and Rehabilitation Response to the Earthquake in Haiti, January 2010","volume":"26","author":"Redmond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster med"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0974","article-title":"Meeting the challenges of spinal cord injury care following sudden onset disaster: lessons learned","volume":"44","author":"Burns","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2024.10","article-title":"Evaluation of musculoskeletal system injuries after the 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Turkey earthquakes: Our single-center experience","volume":"2024","author":"Turgut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Qatar Med J"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2013.50"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.26719\/2010.16.Supp.98","article-title":"Large-scale physical disabilities and their management in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan","volume":"16 Suppl","author":"Mallick","year":"2010","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-5-43","article-title":"Bilateral transtibial amputation with concomitant thoracolumbar vertebral collapse in a Sichuan earthquake survivor","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-5391.2009.01045.x","article-title":"Analysis of rehabilitation needs, measures taken, and their effectiveness for the wounded following the Wenchuan Earthquake","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Evidence Based Medicine"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-1997-z","article-title":"Orthopaedic triage during natural disasters and mass casualties: do scoring systems matter?","volume":"37","author":"Wolfson","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1553-2","article-title":"Post-amputation rehabilitation in an emergency crisis: from preoperative to the community","volume":"36","author":"Demey","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.14744\/tjtes.2023.86479","article-title":"First 10 days after the 6th of February 2023 earthquake disaster: experience of an orthopedic clinic on the border of the disaster zone","volume":"29","author":"Asfuro\u011flu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0896","article-title":"Rehabilitation needs assessment in persons with spinal cord injury following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: A pilot study using an ICF-based tool","volume":"43","author":"Rauch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1736-x","article-title":"Review of Van earthquakes form an orthopaedic perspective: a multicentre retrospective study","volume":"37","author":"Guner","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001"},{"key":"2026042909301660000_16.4.e114176.18","unstructured":"Khankeh H , Shirozhan S . Applied qualitative research in healthcare: jame-e-negar."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-114176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:31:46Z","timestamp":1777480306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-114176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-114176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-114176","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}