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Social cognition, the ability to perceive, understand and respond to social information, is important for maintaining relationships and quality of life. This article provides the protocol for the first comprehensive study examining social brain function in PWH and people without HIV (PWoH). With three aims, this study will: (1) examine neural circuits related to social cognition; (2) examine social cognitive performance across two social cognitive domains and (3) examine the role of social cognition in everyday social functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Referred to as Social Brain Health Study in HIV Study, this cross-sectional study will enrol 105 PWH and 105 demographically matched PWoH aged 18\u201365 years. The study administers a comprehensive assessment battery across two visits within a 2-week period. Visit 1 includes behavioural measures of social cognition (Perceiving Social Cues and Understanding Others), neurocognition and social functioning (social network size and loneliness). Visit 2 involves functional MRI procedures with three social cognitive tasks designed to activate key brain regions (ie, fusiform face area, superior temporal gyrus, temporo-parietal junction, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (MH139613) and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (IRB-300013394). Data collection is ongoing. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2030. Findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at local, national and international conferences as well as patient organisations such as AIDS service organisations and community talks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-114238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:35:13Z","timestamp":1772804113000},"page":"e114238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-sectional observational study evaluating social brain health in HIV using a research domain criteria-based approach: a protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0498-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E","family":"Vance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Brennan-Ing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal Chapman","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Hellemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm145"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.04.024"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4005"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31277-5","article-title":"Facial emotion recognition in patients with depression compared to healthy controls when using human avatars","volume":"13","author":"Monferrer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025348","article-title":"Facial affect processing and depression susceptibility: cognitive biases and cognitive neuroscience","volume":"137","author":"Bistricky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24185","article-title":"Neural correlates of processing emotional prosody in unipolar depression","volume":"39","author":"Koch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.065","article-title":"Recognition of affective prosody in bipolar and depressive conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.18090202","article-title":"Impaired Empathy Versus General Hypoemotionality in Frontotemporal Dementia","volume":"31","author":"Mendez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2026062609352692000_16.3.e114238.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dermody N , Wong S , Ahmed R , et al . n.d. 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