{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:46:42Z","timestamp":1785847602454,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program for Nursing Collaborative Innovation, Chongqing Medical University","award":["20240214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240214"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJQN202400481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202400481"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the social determinants of the home environment and childhood unintentional injuries (UIs) are well established, their association within the context of rapid urbanisation in China remains understudied. Given its rapid urban growth and unique housing landscape, Chongqing provides a valuable context for this investigation. This study aimed to investigate how socioeconomic and home environmental factors collectively shape the risk of childhood UIs in urban households in Chongqing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected in April 2023, in Jiangbei District, Chongqing Municipality, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1282 parents of children aged 0\u201314 years were recruited by stratified convenience sampling by the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Ultimately, 1186 valid questionnaires were included in the data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Various indicators, including family demographics, home environmental characteristics and in-home environmental UI risk assessment, were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three risk levels were identified by latent profile analysis: the Secure Environment Profile (70.91%), the Intermediate-Risk Profile (24.20%) and the High-risk Multi-hazard Profile (4.89%). Key determinants were identified through ordinal logistic regression. An increase in living area per child (m\u00b2) was associated with a reduced likelihood of being classified within a higher risk profile (OR=0.995, 95%\u2009CI 0.990 to 1.000). Furthermore, compared with households with a monthly per capita income of \u226515\u2009000\u2009yuan, those earning &lt;4000\u2009yuan and 4000\u20136999\u2009yuan had 2.004 (95% CI 1.177 to 3.408)\u2009and 1.893 (95% CI 1.168 to 3.068) times the odds, respectively, of being classified within a higher-risk profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study identifies significant heterogeneity in childhood UI risk among urban households in Chongqing, effectively characterised by distinct risk profiles. Living area per child (m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and monthly per capita income were identified as the major social determinants, providing a basis for developing targeted prevention and intervention measures for vulnerable urban children in China.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-114420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:56:13Z","timestamp":1785844573000},"page":"e114420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socioeconomic and environmental disparities in childhood unintentional injury risk in urban households in Chongqing, China: a latent profile analysis of cross-sectional survey data"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6784-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9909-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Jiangbei Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Jiangbei Institute of Public Health Supervision), Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2350-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Rong","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4675-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0850-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang-Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0098-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080404551716000_16.8.e114420.1","first-page":"979","article-title":"Analysis of injury epidemiological characteristics in children aged 6 \uff0d 17 based on data from the National Injury Surveil-lance System in China from 2015 to 2018","volume":"41","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of School Health"},{"key":"2026080404551716000_16.8.e114420.2","first-page":"971","article-title":"Analysis of the characteristics of injury among children aged 0 \uff0d 5 years: results from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System in 2018","volume":"41","author":"Er","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of School Health"},{"key":"2026080404551716000_16.8.e114420.3","unstructured":"UNICEF . 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