{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:00:46Z","timestamp":1781092846189,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and metabolic, hormonal and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the Oran region (western Algeria).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient endocrinology and gynaecology services in the Oran region, western Algeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 313\u2009women aged 16\u201345 years diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam 2004 criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and differences in anthropometric (body mass index (BMI)), metabolic (fasting glucose and lipid profile), hormonal (gonadotropins, androgens, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH), progesterone, vitamin D) and clinical features (hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity, infertility) between women with and without metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 313 participants, 181 (57.9%) met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. These women had significantly higher BMI (26.70\u00b15.93 vs 25.06\u00b16.47\u2009kg\/m\u00b2; p=0.004), elevated fasting glucose (133.43\u00b128.52 vs 105.41\u00b128.54\u2009mg\/dL; p&lt;0.0001) and triglycerides (p&lt;0.0001), but lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (p&lt;0.0001). They also exhibited elevated luteinising hormone (LH), LH\/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone and AMH levels, and reduced progesterone and vitamin D concentrations (all p&lt;0.0001). Clinical hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity and secondary infertility were significantly more prevalent in this group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than half of women with PCOS exhibited metabolic syndrome, characterised by obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency. These findings highlight the need for early metabolic screening and holistic management in women with PCOS to reduce long-term cardiovascular and reproductive risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-115090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:10:40Z","timestamp":1781089840000},"page":"e115090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and clinical correlates of metabolic syndrome among women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Western Algeria: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6220-0614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira","family":"Messaoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, 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Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5927-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anfal","family":"Belkacem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Proteomics and Health, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1767-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siheme","family":"Ouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Proteomics and Health, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, 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