{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:08:05Z","timestamp":1779890885479,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University CEU Cardenal Herrera","award":["GIR25\/31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIR25\/31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ageing is associated with declines in physical and cognitive function that increase the risk of disability and dependence. Intrinsic capacity (IC), proposed by the WHO, provides a multidimensional framework to assess health in older adults. This study aims to evaluate whether a multicomponent recreational exercise programme (Fun Exercise for Older Adults (FEXO)) improves IC, motivation and adherence compared with a conventional programme (OTAGO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomised controlled trial with two groups (2:1 ratio) will be conducted among 120 community-dwelling older adults (\u226560 years). Participants will be randomly assigned to FEXO (intervention) or OTAGO (control). Both programmes will consist of 3\u2009weekly sessions for 14 weeks. Primary outcomes: IC, assessed through validated measures (Short Physical Performance Battery, Mini Nutritional Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and sensory evaluation), motivation (BREQ-3) and adherence rate. Secondary outcomes include body composition, cardiovascular parameters, frailty, cognition and resilience (PRIFOR). Data will be analysed using two-way ANOVA (group\u00d7time) under an intention-to-treat approach. Effect sizes (\u03b7p\u00b2) and 95% CIs will be reported. Additional analyses (correlation, regression, mediation and moderation) will explore associations and intervention effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera (Ref. CEEI23\/487 and CEEI25\/639). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. The findings of this study will contribute to improving evidence-based strategies for promoting healthy ageing and will support the development of more engaging and effective exercise interventions for older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study has been prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial results\" xlink:href=\"NCT07133568\">NCT07133568<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-115440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:00:33Z","timestamp":1779883233000},"page":"e115440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fun Exercise for Older Adults (FEXO): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial on intrinsic capacity, adherence and motivation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07133568","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"results"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07133568","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3087-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Azanon-Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Salvador-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Amer-Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Picher Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cathedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-4052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Lis\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicent","family":"Benavent-Caballer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencian Community, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052706302136000_16.5.e115440.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61462-8","article-title":"Health, functioning, and disability in older adults\u2014present status and future implications","volume":"385","author":"Chatterji","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026052706302136000_16.5.e115440.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254405"},{"key":"2026052706302136000_16.5.e115440.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan MP . 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