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While positive effects of nutritional therapy in the in-hospital setting have recently been demonstrated, the benefits of long-term nutritional therapy after hospital discharge remain uncertain. Herein, we outline the design and rationale of the EFFORTII trial, the largest nutritional trial to date to assess the effects of continued nutritional support after hospital discharge in medical patients, with particular attention to key design decisions regarding nutritional strategy, patient selection criteria and study endpoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>Effect of Continued Nutritional Support at Hospital Discharge on Mortality, Frailty, Functional Outcomes and Recovery<\/jats:italic>\n                      (EFFORTII) is an investigator-initiated, non-commercial randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate whether ongoing, individualised nutritional therapy after hospital discharge\u2014targeted to meet specific energy and protein requirements\u2014offers a cost-effective approach to lowering mortality, minimising complications and maintaining functional status compared with standard care. Eligible participants are adult, chronically ill medical inpatients at risk of malnutrition. Patients in the intervention group receive individualised nutritional therapy delivered by an experienced dietitian through a combination of telemedicine and in-person consultations. The intervention aims to meet personalised nutritional targets, supported by a trained dietitian. Control group patients receive nutritional counselling at discharge, but no structured nutritional management during follow-up. We designed the trial as an event-driven trial with a target of 247 mortality events (primary endpoint), which will be assessed over approximately 5 years until event-driven endpoint is met. The minimum total sample size is at least 802 participants, based on the assumed treatment HR of 0.70. The main trial is enrolling patients across multiple sites in Switzerland. During the trial, additional sites in Spain joined the study, and their data will be analysed using a patient-level pooled approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study involves human participants and was first granted ethical approval by the Ethics Committee Northwest- and Central Switzerland and then by all participating local ethics committees. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04926597\">NCT04926597<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-115456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T21:56:07Z","timestamp":1773870967000},"page":"e115456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design and rationale of the EFFORTII project: a multicentric randomised-controlled trial on the impact of continued nutritional therapy at hospital discharge"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04926597","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02517476","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Wunderle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Tribolet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kaegi-Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1599-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Escher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Spital Emmental, Burgdorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drahomir","family":"Aujesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, 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