{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:55Z","timestamp":1792787335316,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High Level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project from Beijing Municipal Health Commission","award":["2022-2-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2-025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0374a5s68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infectious disease hospitals (IDHs) are core components of the national public health system, and high-quality development (HQD) of IDHs is a priority in this system. This study aimed to systematically analyse the operational status of public IDHs in China and provide empirical references for HQD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive survey approach was adopted to collect operation-related data from 133 public IDHs across 31 provinces in China in 2023. A three-phase data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied to measure the operational efficiency (OE) of IDHs in each province. Phase 1 calculated raw efficiency and input slacks. Phase 2 eliminated environmental interference to adjust inputs. Phase 3 recalculated adjusted OE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The third-phase DEA results indicated that the average values of technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) of public IDHs in China were 0.610, 0.681 and 0.914, respectively. The IDHs in Beijing, Hainan, Tianjin, Sichuan and Tibet maintained an effective OE after adjustment for environmental factors. The adjusted mean TE and PTE exhibited a geographic variation of \u2018East&gt;Central &gt; West &gt; Northeast\u2019, while the average SE showed a reverse trend of \u2018Northeast&gt;Central &gt; West &gt; East\u2019. The stochastic frontier analysis regression results showed that per capita GDP (p&lt;0.001) was significantly positively correlated with OE, while urbanisation level (p&lt;0.001) and the number of participants in basic medical insurance (p=0.025) both exhibited significant negative associations with OE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OE of public IDHs in China was generally low. TE was mainly constrained by PTE and exhibited significant regional heterogeneity. Each region should adjust measures to local conditions to reasonably determine the construction scale of IDHs, improve infrastructure and medical equipment and focus on enhancing hospitals\u2019 capabilities in refined management and medical technology standards, thereby promoting the HQD of IDHs in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-115497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:55:12Z","timestamp":1789570512000},"page":"e115497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Operational efficiency in public infectious disease hospitals across 31 provinces in China: a three-phase data envelopment analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6357-3724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biobank and Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing You\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Medical Record Statistics Office, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biobank and Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing You\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biobank and Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing You\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianxu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biobank and Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing You\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingmin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing You\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingkun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biobank and Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing You\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091607550710000_16.9.e115497.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S , Li W , Wang Z , et al . Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: global trends and new strategies for their prevention and control. Sig Transduct Target Ther 2024;9. doi:10.1038\/s41392-024-01917-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01917-x"},{"key":"2026091607550710000_16.9.e115497.2","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China . Notice on issuing the plan for building public health prevention, control and treatment capacity. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/guihuaxxs\/c100133\/202005\/10eaf919ad88421f944c70fff8f1b290.shtml [Accessed 15 Aug 2025]."},{"key":"2026091607550710000_16.9.e115497.3","unstructured":"The Central People\u2019s Government of the People\u2019s Republic of China . Opinions of the general office of the state council on promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals. 2021. 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