{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:55Z","timestamp":1792787335326,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","award":["NIHR304262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR304262"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0187kwz08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["101095697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095697"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) disease activity, particularly flares, are unpredictable and can impact patients\u2019 quality of life. Digital biomarkers derived from data collected via smart devices provide an opportunity for unobtrusive continuous monitoring of symptoms reflecting disease activity. Besides, our understanding of the mechanisms and triggers behind flares is limited. The primary objectives of the Psoriatic Arthritis Digital Phenotyping and Inflammation Drivers (PDPID) study are: (1) to develop digital biomarker capable of detecting PsA flare using data collected from patient\u2019s smartphone and smartwatch, and (2) to develop machine learning models for PsA flare prediction using clinical, biological, environmental and digital data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PDPID study is a 12-month multi-centre prospective cohort study conducted across four countries. Study visits are scheduled at baseline (T0), and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow-up visits, with additional patient-initiated visits due to flare. At inclusion, patients have a study app installed on their smartphone and receive a smartwatch. Flare information is collected using physician- and patient-reported flare questionnaires administered at each visit, and via the flare button in the app that patients can activate. The study collects clinical data (physical measurements, questionnaires), biological markers (salivary DNA, gut microbiome, hair cortisol, C-reactive protein) and environmental exposure data (weather and air pollution). The app includes in-app questionnaires, active photo and video tests and passively captures digital data from the smartphone and smartwatch sensors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval has been granted from each of the participating countries (Erasmus MC, the Netherlands: MEC-2023-0470; HRA and Health and Care Research Wales, UK: 332916 NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas (NMS|FCM) Ethical Committee (CEFCM), Portugal (124\/2023\/CEFCM); MREC Hipokrateion Hospital Thessaloniki, Greece: 5549\/31.01.24). Findings of this study will be disseminated through reports to the funding body, the project website, newsletters, social media, national and international conferences and symposiums, and scientific publications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06347237\">NCT06347237<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-115903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:00:32Z","timestamp":1790614832000},"page":"e115903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psoriatic arthritis digital phenotyping and inflammation drivers (PDPID) study: protocol for an international multicentre prospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06347237","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3262-0293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Batoul","family":"Hojeij","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilja","family":"Tchetverikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7543-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Vasileiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Apostolidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Dimitroulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokrateion Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Mytilinaiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokrateion Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Reuma.pt, Sociedade 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