{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:24:09Z","timestamp":1783085049699,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to adapt the Grief Support in Healthcare Scale (GSHCS) for use in the Turkish context and evaluate its psychometric properties among nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a methodological study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted in Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pilot study included 30 nurses for preliminary testing and test-retest reliability. The main study comprised a convenience sample of 355 nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Content validity was evaluated by a panel of experts using the Content Validity Index (CVIs). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 and split-half reliability, while convergent validity was tested via correlations with the Professional Bereavement Scale (PBS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CVIs were strong (Item-Level Content Validity Index=0.99; Scale-Level Content Validity Index=0.94). EFA identified a three-factor structure explaining 58.33% of the total variance. CFA confirmed the three-factor model (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (83) = 338.204, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/df=4.075, root mean square error of approximation=0.093, Goodness of Fit Index=0.892, Comparative Fit Index=0.922, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.901, Incremental Fit Index=0.923, Normed Fit Index=0.900). Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 was 0.888 for the total scale. All subdimensions showed significant positive correlations with PBS-Short-term Bereavement Reactions Subscale (r=0.176\u20130.401).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Turkish version of the GSHCS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing nurses\u2019 perceptions of grief support in healthcare settings. The scale retains its conceptual structure and demonstrates sound psychometric properties, making it suitable for clinical research and organisational assessments in Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-116014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:08:18Z","timestamp":1783084098000},"page":"e116014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptation and psychometric validation of the Turkish version of the Grief Support in Healthcare Scale: a methodological study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Buket","family":"\u015eim\u015fek Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi, Burdur, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1999-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remziye","family":"Semerci \u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-3225","article-title":"Grief in critical care nurses after pediatric suffering and death","volume":"11","author":"Groves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12809","article-title":"Professional grief among nurses in Spanish public health centers after caring for COVID-19 patients","volume":"55","author":"V\u00e1zquez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.32598\/JCCNC.8.3.434.1","article-title":"Grief and Coping Strategies of Nurses Following Patient Death at the Konongo-Odumasi Government Hospital, Ghana","volume":"8","author":"Bediako Agyei","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCCNC"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/14.CJON.454-458"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5875","article-title":"Grief as a mediator of the relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue","volume":"31","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4103\/ijc.IJC_494_19","article-title":"Chronic grief experiences of nurses caring for the end-stage cancer patients: A mixed-method research","volume":"60","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Cancer"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20080101-01"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2014.01.011"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.61919\/jhrr.v4i2.1115","article-title":"The Grieving Process for Nurses: A Concept Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Mir","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHRR"},{"key":"2026070306001994000_16.7.e116014.10","unstructured":"Doka K . Introduction. In: Doka K , ed. Disenfranchised grief: New directions, challenges, and strategies for practice. 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