{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:13:38Z","timestamp":1788444818987,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023674","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/290\/47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/290\/47"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, eating behaviours, food satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among community-dwelling older adults in Abha, Saudi Arabia; to assess how eating behaviours, food satisfaction and OHRQoL vary across socio-demographic and health-related groups; and to examine how eating behaviours and food satisfaction are associated with OHRQoL, adjusting for socio-demographic and health-related characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) in the Abha district of the Asir region, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 350 older adults aged 60+ were recruited from PHCCs in Abha, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia, using a non-probability convenience sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome measure was OHRQoL, assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Secondary outcome measures included food satisfaction, measured by the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life scale and eating behaviours, assessed using the Eating Behaviours Scale\u2013Short Form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most participants showed fair-to-good eating behaviours (86.6%), moderate-to-high food satisfaction (87.7%) and fair OHRQoL (69.7%). Bivariate analyses revealed that food satisfaction was significantly positively associated with OHRQoL (r=0.517, p&lt;0.001) and weakly negatively associated with eating behaviours (r=\u20130.185, p&lt;0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis identified food satisfaction as the factor most strongly associated with OHRQoL (\u03b2=0.496, p&lt;0.001), followed by oral care practices (\u03b2=0.180, p&lt;0.001) and eating behaviours (\u03b2=0.177, p=0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Food satisfaction showed a strong association with OHRQoL, highlighting the psychological dimension of dietary experiences in later life. Although many participants reported favourable eating behaviours and food satisfaction, OHRQoL remained moderate. These findings emphasise the need for integrated, culturally tailored interventions that incorporate nutritional counselling, oral-health promotion and chronic disease management to optimise healthy ageing in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-116271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:40:33Z","timestamp":1783942833000},"page":"e116271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral health-related quality of life, food satisfaction and eating behaviours among community-dwelling older adults in Abha, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani","family":"Alhazmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal Mohammed","family":"Hawash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mohieldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Abdelwahab","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, college of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Metwally","family":"EL-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Psychiatric, and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagida","family":"Wafik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Mahmoud Mohammed","family":"Shouker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jowf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Decade of healthy ageing: baseline report: world health organization. 2021."},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2017.11.008","article-title":"The health of Saudi older adults; results from the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health (SNSEH) 2006-2015","volume":"26","author":"Khoja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941251358216","article-title":"Unearthing Predictors of Emotional Intelligence, Empathy, and Work Engagement Impacting Acute Care Nursing","volume":"2024","author":"Hayajneh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox NJ , Morrison L , Robinson SM , et al . Older individual\u2019s perceptions of appetite, its loss, influencing factors and adaptions to poor appetite. A qualitative study. Appetite 2021;167. doi:10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105609"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11090222","article-title":"Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health in Older Adults: A Review of the Literature","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X , Fei F , Wei J , et al . Knowledge and attitudes toward artificial intelligence in nursing among various categories of professionals in China: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024;12. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1433252","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1433252"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.7","first-page":"113","article-title":"Promoting Oral Health and quality of life of Older People - The Need for Public Health Action","volume":"16","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tounsi A . An Overview of Geriatric Oral Health Research in Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review. TODENTJ 2025;19. doi:10.2174\/0118742106376867250404070939","DOI":"10.2174\/0118742106376867250404070939"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_202_18","article-title":"Oral health-related quality of life among elderly people with edentulous jaws in Hafar Al-Batin Region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"Alshammari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anweigi L , Aldegheishem A , Azam A , et al . Oral-Health-Related Self-Efficacy among the Elderly Population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19. doi:10.3390\/ijerph192315900","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315900"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grunert KG , Schnettler B , Dean M , et al . Older People, Food, and Satisfaction With Life.2017:3\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100348-0.00001-9"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10010168","article-title":"Aging and the (Chemical) Senses: Implications for Food Behaviour Amongst Elderly Consumers","volume":"10","author":"Spence","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02612-5"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan AKY , Tsang YC , Jiang CM , et al . Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health in Older Adults: A Review of the Literature. Dent J (Basel) 2023;11. doi:10.3390\/dj11090222","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11090222"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2024.13.1.42","article-title":"Comparison of Health Status and Life Satisfaction According to Food Security in Single-Person Households of Elderly Population","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Res"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2021.12.015","article-title":"Development of a scale for assessing meal satisfaction in older adults: Meal satisfaction assessment questionnaire (MSAQ)","volume":"44","author":"Alpay Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.17","first-page":"169","article-title":"The Factors Influencing Meal Satisfaction in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci)"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2025.108202","article-title":"A systematic review of the factors affecting textural perception by older adults and their association with food choice and intake","volume":"214","author":"Giles","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.19","first-page":"12","article-title":"The joy of eating: how eating experiences enhance the well-being of older adults","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2022.09.014","article-title":"Food for the elderly based on sensory perception: A review","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Res Food Sci"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23996-3","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of poor oral health-related quality of life among the Saudi elderly","volume":"25","author":"Abolfotouh","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184032","article-title":"Association of Oral and General Health with Nutritional Status of Older Adults Attending Two Medical Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Alghofaili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520250075037"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5945518","article-title":"Assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Associated Factors among the Young Adults of Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Study","volume":"2022","author":"Thirunavukkarasu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2290547"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.27","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd edn. Routledge, 1988."},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000221510.33817.86"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20247"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.31","unstructured":"Sakata T . Treatment manual for morbid obesity. Tokyo: Ishiyaku Shuppan; 1996."},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21091187","article-title":"The Influence of the Home Food Environment on the Eating Behaviors, Family Meals, and Academic Achievement of Adolescents in Schools in the UAE","volume":"21","author":"Sohail","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2007.03.010"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2012.08.003","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with food-related life scale: application in southern Chile","volume":"45","author":"Schnettler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Educ Behav"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/J.0022-0337.1990.54.11.TB02481.X"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2007.00195.x","article-title":"Arabic version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index","volume":"25","author":"Atieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2025.1491146","article-title":"Demographic, health, and behaviors profile of Saudi Arabia\u2019s aging population 2022-2023","volume":"6","author":"Bindhim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.38","unstructured":"Daghriri A . Impact of oral health on diet among the ageing population in Saudi Arabia. 2022."},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/55572","article-title":"Factors Influencing Malnutrition Among Older Adult Residents in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: Sex Differential Study","volume":"7","author":"Ghabashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0892-2","article-title":"Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among community-dwelling older persons in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Damayanthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244292","article-title":"Can eating pleasure be a lever for healthy eating? A systematic scoping review of eating pleasure and its links with dietary behaviors and health","volume":"15","author":"B\u00e9dard","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Della Terra Mouco Garrido B , Pereira PSS , Foloni K , et al . Tooth Loss, Nutrition, and Oral Health-Related quality of life in Older Adults: Evidence from a Structural Equation Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2025;22. doi:10.3390\/ijerph22121793","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22121793"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics8010020","article-title":"Integration of Oral Health into General Health Services for Older Adults","volume":"8","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438964","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1438964","article-title":"The joy of eating: how eating experiences enhance the well-being of older adults","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2025.2479188","article-title":"The effects of body dissatisfaction, lifestyle, and loneliness on emotional eating among older adults in Northeast China","volume":"29","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12821","article-title":"The Impact of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status on the Oral Health of Older Adults Living in Care Homes: A Scoping Review","volume":"42","author":"Sallam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521000180","article-title":"Poor oral health and the association with diet quality and intake in older people in two studies in the UK and USA","volume":"126","author":"Kotronia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/hygiene5040050","article-title":"Oral Hygiene Care of Older Adults and Caregiver Education: A Systematic Review","volume":"5","author":"Asanza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hygiene"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/aihb.aihb_201_24","article-title":"Seniors and Sustenance: A Scoping Review on Food Security in the Elderly","volume":"15","author":"Tohit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advances in Human Biology"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2597","article-title":"Impact of Dental Visits on Oral Health Awareness in Saudi Arabia","volume":"20","author":"Linjawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2021.05.003","article-title":"Oral Health of Older Patients in Dental Practice: An Exploratory Study","volume":"72","author":"Bots-VantSpijker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"2026090306251852000_16.7.e116271.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tessier A-J , Wang F , Korat AA , et al . Optimal dietary patterns for healthy aging. Nat Med 2025. doi:10.1038\/s41591-025-03570-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03570-5"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-116271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:25:46Z","timestamp":1788441946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-116271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-116271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-116271","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}