{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:04:55Z","timestamp":1785416695226,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To map the current evidence on components of fitness, physical activity and health-related quality of life, in addition to common fitness and health-related quality of life outcomes and assessment tools, explore existing evidence on the design and effects of muscle-strengthening activities on health-related quality of life, and map the research on the barriers and facilitators to engagement in physical activities, specifically muscle-strengthening activities, in adults living with fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review of published articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MedLine and Google Scholar) and reference searching were included from the earliest date to March 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were included if they assessed components of fitness, physical activity, health-related quality of life and\/or muscle-strengthening activities in relation to fibromyalgia and were published in English. Articles containing reviews, case reports, protocols, editorials or opinion pieces were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>79 articles were included in the scoping review. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with fibromyalgia have decreased muscle strength, cardiovascular fitness, agility, balance and flexibility levels of physical activity and health-related quality of life. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, 36-item short-form health survey and visual analogue scale were predominant tools used to assess health-related quality of life, though methods varied considerably across studies. Muscle-strengthening activity intervention study designs were heterogeneous, although progressions during resistance-based strength exercise emerged as a promising modality to improve health-related quality of life. Currently, the barriers to and facilitators of muscle-strengthening activities are underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review highlights substantial heterogeneity in health-related quality of life assessment tools and muscle-strengthening activity intervention design in adults with fibromyalgia. While muscle-strengthening activities appear beneficial, the absence of standardised protocols limits the comparability of studies. Moreover, further work is needed within qualitative research to understand the barriers to engagement in muscle-strengthening activities to further inform the development of tailored, patient-centred muscle-strengthening programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OSF Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/DJWBQ\">10.17605\/OSF.IO\/DJWBQ<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-116789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:45:27Z","timestamp":1785415527000},"page":"e116789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What is known about fitness, physical activity, health-related quality of life and muscle-strengthening activities in adults with fibromyalgia? 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