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It was informed by previous research findings and input from public and community involvement and engagement. Stage 1 combined the person-based approach (PBA), which involved developing guiding principles, an intervention planning table and a logic model, with seven steps of the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to identify intervention functions, behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and delivery modes to enhance older Chinese adults\u2019 capability, opportunity and motivation for PA. Stage 2 used think-aloud interviews with 10 older Chinese adults to optimise the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six intervention functions (education, persuasion, incentivisation, training, modelling and enablement), 27 BCTs and multiple delivery modes were identified in stage 1. In stage 2, based on think-aloud interviews with 10 participants, three prototypes were retained in their original form, one new element was added and three were removed. The remaining components were retained with either minor or major modifications. The final strategies included culturally tailored PA booklets, monthly workshops and social media support groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By integrating evidence, theory and stakeholder perspectives, and by combining the PBA with the BCW, this study developed the first culturally appropriate PA promotion strategies for older Chinese adults in the UK. Further research is needed to evaluate their feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-117339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:45:22Z","timestamp":1788443122000},"page":"e117339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing culturally appropriate physical activity promotion strategies for older Chinese adults in the UK: an evidence-based, theory-based and person-based intervention development study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2283-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration - Greater Manchester (NIHR ARC-GM), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5783-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Lazo Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty\/Healthy Ageing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Statistics, Cathie Marsh Institute (CMI), Manchester China Institute (MCI), Global Network for Ageing Research on China\/Chinese (GNARC), School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"McGarrigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Health, Atlantic Technological University, Castlebar, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6645-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration - Greater Manchester (NIHR ARC-GM), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty\/Healthy Ageing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090306451640000_16.9.e117339.1","unstructured":"WHO . 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