{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:12:54Z","timestamp":1788502374108,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Translate and culturally adapt the Physician Self-Efficacy to Manage Emotional Challenges (PSMEC) scale into Persian, then assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the PSMEC (P-PSMEC) among medical students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methodological cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A convenience sample of 237 medical students participated in the study between July and December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main focus was on evaluating the psychometric performance of the 17-item P-PSMEC scale, particularly its intended five-factor structure, examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Secondary outcomes encompassed face validity, content validity, internal convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Additionally, an ordinal CFA sensitivity analysis was performed using the weighted least squares mean-adjusted and variance-adjusted (WLSMV) estimator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The P-PSMEC showed acceptable face and content validity with a Scale Content Validity Index\/AVE of 0.871. The main maximum likelihood-based CFA indicated good model fit: \u03c7\u00b2\/df=1.415, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.041, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.984 and standardised root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.021. An ordinal CFA with WLSMV produced similar results: \u03c7\u00b2=168.234, df=109, RMSEA=0.048, CFI=0.981, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.976, SRMR=0.049, with standardised loadings between 0.52 and 0.89. Evidence for internal convergent validity was supported by average variance extracted (AVE) values above 0.50 and composite reliability values above 0.70. Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio values were below 0.85, and maximum shared variance was lower than AVE, indicating good discriminant validity. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1=0.902), and test-retest reliability was also strong (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.901).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The P-PSMEC shows good validity and reliability for measuring self-efficacy in managing emotional challenges among Persian-speaking medical students. The results support the proposed five-factor structure, although additional multisite, longitudinal, external validation and measurement-invariance studies are necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-117390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:10:22Z","timestamp":1788441022000},"page":"e117390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Physician Self-Efficacy to Manage Emotional Challenges (P-PSMEC) scale among medical students: a methodological cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Hamidkholgh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"},{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency and Traditional Medicine, School of 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