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Follow-up was subsequently extended to address further research questions and continue to the present day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two thousand five hundred and seven pregnant women were recruited when attending antenatal services at Entebbe General Hospital, Uganda; 2345 resulting live-born children were enrolled into the EMaBS birth cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initial results from EMaBS showed that treating helminths in pregnancy and early childhood was safe and that treatment with albendazole reduced anaemia in mothers with heavy hookworm infections. Maternal anthelminthic treatment had small effects on infant response to tetanus immunisation, but no effect, either beneficial or detrimental on the occurrence of infectious diseases in childhood. However, treatment of helminths during pregnancy resulted in increased rates of eczema in early childhood, although this was not sustained to nine years. Subsequent work in early adolescence found that postnatal weight gain was important in the developmental programming of blood pressure in this population and current and early-life malaria modified blood pressure and lipid levels. We also showed that variation in host genes significantly shapes antibody responses to multiple childhood vaccines, highlighting genetics as a key determinant of vaccine performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort \u2018children\u2019 are currently aged 19\u201322 years, and future plans focus on investigating longer term effects of early-life and childhood exposures. A new round of data collection is ongoing with the aim of determining the impact of early-life exposures on adult non-communicable disease risk. Work determining whether frequent childhood infections lead to specific epigenetic changes implicated in later disease development is also underway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The EMaBS began as a randomised controlled trial (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"32849447\">ISRCTN32849447<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ). Two further randomised controlled trials have been nested within the cohort: TB042 (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03681860\">NCT03681860<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ) and POPVAC C (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"10482904\">ISRCTN10482904<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-118325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:40:23Z","timestamp":1787740823000},"page":"e118325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cohort profile: the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBS)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn32849447","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03681860","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn10482904","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"},{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn32849447","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"},{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn32849447","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4019-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridgious","family":"Walusimbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda"},{"name":"Infection Biology Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0975-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"Komata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison M","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"The EMaBS Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.1.29","article-title":"The efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination of newborns and infants in the prevention of tuberculosis: meta-analyses of the published literature","volume":"96","author":"Colditz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92348-9"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1183"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6843","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6843","article-title":"Helminth- and Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-induced immunity in children sensitized in utero to filariasis and schistosomiasis","volume":"162","author":"Malhotra","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000148081.38331.92"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02052.x"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550403400113"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-115","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of the effects of albendazole in pregnancy on maternal responses to mycobacterial antigens and infant responses to Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) immunisation [ISRCTN32849447]","volume":"5","author":"Elliott","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026082603401576000_16.8.e118325.9","unstructured":"Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. 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