{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:52:23Z","timestamp":1781531543678,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After resuscitation from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), mechanical ventilation (MV) and respiratory management are fundamental to support patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to minimise secondary brain injury. Best practices for MV and association with clinical outcomes in patients with OHCA remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol describes a pre-planned respiratory-focused series of sub-analyses within the Sedation, Temperature and Pressure after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation (STEPCARE) trial, an ongoing interventional study evaluating 6-month mortality after randomisation in patients admitted to ICUs following OHCA. The primary aim is to describe real-world ventilator settings and gas-exchange targets during the first 72 hours after ICU admission in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation after OHCA. Secondary aims include to estimate the incidence of respiratory complications during ICU stay (eg, ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, barotrauma); and to explore the association between early ventilator settings\/gas-exchange parameters and 6-month outcomes (mortality and neurological status). Exploratory aim is to characterise weaning and extubation practices, including timing and failure rates.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible patients will include adult STEPCARE participants receiving invasive MV after return of spontaneous circulation with available respiratory data recorded within the STEPCARE database.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Data collected in the STEPCARE trial that will be analysed include patients\u2019 prehospital characteristics; clinical examination at hospital admission and at ICU admission; ventilator settings and arterial blood gases recorded at predefined time points during ICU stay. In particular: MV setting (mode, tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, tidal volume, mechanical power, plateau\/driving pressures), gas-exchange values (arterial partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, arterial saturation of oxygen), timing of measurements and the occurrence\/timing of respiratory complications and weaning outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The STEPCARE study has been approved by the regional ethics committee at Lund University (Dnr 2022-02425-01, Approved IRB on 2022-06-18) and by all ethics boards in the participating countries. No additional ethical approval is required for this predefined secondary analysis, as no further data collection or interventions will be performed. Findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and, where appropriate, conference abstracts and presentations. Patients and the public were not involved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial results\" xlink:href=\"NCT05564754\">NCT05564754<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-118872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:55:27Z","timestamp":1781528127000},"page":"e118872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ventilation strategies and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: protocol for a pre-planned sub-analysis of the STEPCARE trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05564754","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"results"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6895-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Battaglini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gualdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Cammarota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione Generale, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"McGuigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome\u2013Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK"},{"name":"Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0341-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus B.","family":"Skrifvars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville H.","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Reinikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Malcom Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NWS, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3428-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand"},{"name":"Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"},{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Lilja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sk\u00e5ne County, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Dankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sk\u00e5ne County, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6559-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi E.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Malcom Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NWS, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"H\u00e4stbacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sk\u00e5ne County, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Research, Development, Education and Innovation (R&DEI), Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sk\u00e5ne County, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Moseby-Knappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjaana","family":"Tiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Barkholt","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9247-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Dam Bjerregaard","family":"Sillassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"D\u00fcring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis G","family":"Romundstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stammet","family":"Pascal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine Life Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science Technology and Medicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Leithner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt P.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Haenggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janus C.","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sk\u00e5ne County, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Campus Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sk\u00e5ne County, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2 Antonino","family":"Patroniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-3845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boulton AJ , Abelairas-G\u00f3mez C , Olaussen A , et al . Cardiac arrest centres for patients with non-traumatic cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resuscitation 2024;203. doi:10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110387"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06533-9","article-title":"Sweeping TTM conclusion may deprive many post-arrest patients of effective therapy. Author\u2019s reply","volume":"47","author":"Fernando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06620-5","article-title":"ERC-ESICM guidelines on temperature control after cardiac arrest in adults","volume":"48","author":"Sandroni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06548-2"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06368-4"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2024.0025","article-title":"Optimizing brain protection after cardiac arrest: advanced strategies and best practices","volume":"14","author":"Iavarone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003289"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battaglini D , Schiavetti I , Ball L , et al . Association between early airway intervention in the pre-hospital setting and outcomes in out of hospital cardiac arrest patients: A post-hoc analysis of the Target Temperature Management-2 (TTM2) trial. Resuscitation 2024;203. doi:10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110390"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04186-8","article-title":"Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest: a pre-planned sub-analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial","volume":"26","author":"Robba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06756-4","article-title":"Ventilatory settings in the initial 72 h and their association with outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial","volume":"48","author":"Robba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058001","article-title":"Ventilation management and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a protocol for a preplanned secondary analysis of the TTM2 trial","volume":"12","author":"Robba","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06796-7","article-title":"Interactions in the 2\u00d72\u00d72 factorial randomised clinical STEPCARE trial and the potential effects on conclusions: a protocol for a simulation study","volume":"23","author":"Olsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70022","article-title":"Continuous deep sedation versus minimal sedation after cardiac arrest and resuscitation","volume":"69","author":"Ceric","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.70034","article-title":"Fever management with or without a temperature control device after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation (TEMP-CARE): A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial","volume":"69","author":"Holgersson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/105294199277860","article-title":"The International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"6","author":"Dixon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Qual Assur"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.17","first-page":"14","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"81","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Dent"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002731","article-title":"Driving Pressure and Transpulmonary Pressure","volume":"131","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05636-8","article-title":"Calculation of mechanical power for pressure-controlled ventilation","volume":"45","author":"Becher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-019-0276-8","article-title":"Mechanical power at a glance: a simple surrogate for volume-controlled ventilation","volume":"7","author":"Giosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01475","article-title":"Understanding the Adverse Hemodynamic Effects of Serious Thoracic Injuries During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Review and Approach Based on the Campbell Diagram","volume":"10","author":"Azeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/sccj.sccj_23_17","article-title":"TAME cardiac arrest: A phase III multicenter randomized trial of targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia after resuscitated cardiac arrest","volume":"1","author":"Eastwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi Crit Care J"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5446-8"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanfilippo F , Uryga A , Santonocito C , et al . Effects of very early hyperoxemia on neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A secondary analysis of the TTM-2 trial. Resuscitation 2025;207. doi:10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110460"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-00307-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology and clinical consequences of arterial blood gases and pH after cardiac arrest","volume":"8","author":"Robba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/AAFO2475"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06888-7","article-title":"Airway management in cardiac arrest and outcomes. Author\u2019s reply","volume":"48","author":"Robba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.28","first-page":"199","article-title":"Airway and Respiratory Devices in the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia","volume":"59","author":"Coelho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Bogota Colomb"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2020.09.001","article-title":"Assessment of the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Scores for prediction of ventilator associated pneumonia in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"26","author":"Manchal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Health"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.01.009"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-024-00745-z","article-title":"Acute lung injury and post-cardiac arrest syndrome: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Endo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31459-1","article-title":"Association between the early mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients and independence in activities of daily living at hospital discharge","volume":"13","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0765-4"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-022-00610-x","article-title":"Association between early tracheostomy and patient outcomes in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026061505551473000_16.6.e118872.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resplu.2025.100956","article-title":"Trends in tracheostomy placement after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"23","author":"Gallegos-Koyner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Resusc Plus"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-118872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:55:35Z","timestamp":1781528135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-118872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-118872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-118872","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}}}