{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:24:15Z","timestamp":1786973055042,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HEM-Net","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Japan\u2019s physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) are widely deployed but published evidence is heterogeneous across indications, outcomes and study designs. We aimed to map the internationally reported, English-language literature evaluating physician-staffed HEMS in Japan and to identify evidence gaps requiring further research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review was conducted using established methodological frameworks and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by backward and forward citation tracking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Original studies evaluating physician-staffed HEMS in Japan and reporting patient outcomes for any emergency condition published in English-language journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic database search using terms related to physician-staffed HEMS in Japan. The original search (28 May 2024) was updated on 25 February 2026 using the same eligibility criteria. Two reviewers independently performed title\/abstract screening followed by full-text screening to determine eligibility. We additionally performed backward and forward citation tracking of the included studies. We summarised characteristics of eligible studies descriptively using counts and proportions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The updated search identified 341 records, and citation tracking identified 16 further studies, yielding 76 included studies. Publications increased over time (2016\u20132020: 32.9%; 2021\u20132026: 52.6%). Most studies were single-centre observational (55.3%) or registry-based (39.5%), with few multi-centre studies (5.3%). Trauma was the most frequent study population (25.0%), and mortality the most common primary outcome (35.5%). First authors were university-affiliated in 88.2% of studies, 39.5% appeared in a single aeromedical journal, and no study compared physician-staffed with non-physician HEMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The internationally reported, English-language literature on physician-staffed HEMS in Japan has expanded over time, but remains dominated by retrospective observational designs, is produced largely by university-affiliated authors, and is concentrated in a small number of journals. Prospective multi-centre evaluation, comparison with non-physician HEMS, functional and longer-term outcomes, and economic evaluation were absent from the identified literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-118906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:25:26Z","timestamp":1786969526000},"page":"e118906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping the internationally reported evidence on physician-staffed helicopter transport in Japan: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5530-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunichiro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Yokono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Shimazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Iba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Irisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081705251686000_16.8.e118906.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120802472012","article-title":"Validity of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services Dispatch Criteria for Traumatic Injuries: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"Ringburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prehospital Emergency Care"},{"key":"2026081705251686000_16.8.e118906.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.030"},{"key":"2026081705251686000_16.8.e118906.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010307","article-title":"Utilisation of helicopter emergency medical services in the early medical response to major incidents: a systematic literature review","volume":"6","author":"Johnsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026081705251686000_16.8.e118906.4","unstructured":"HEM-Net Emergency Medical Network of Helicopter and Hospital (Nonprofit organization) . 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