{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:43:10Z","timestamp":1782996190451,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101219448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101219448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer literacy (CL) is essential for enabling informed decision-making, prevention, early detection and adherence to treatment. However, disparities in CL across Europe, coupled with the spread of disinformation, limit equitable access to cancer care. This protocol describes a collection of scoping reviews to document the state of CL, misinformation narratives and education and training initiatives and identify barriers and facilitators. This work is embedded within the activities of the Beating Cancer Inequalities through Literacy in Europe project and encompasses nine consortium countries across Europe: Romania, Portugal, Belgium, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Ukraine, Italy, Ireland and Moldova.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol follows the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews(PRISMA-ScR) checklist, guided by the Population, Concept, Context framework. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, supplemented by grey literature, capturing results from January 2015 to December 2025. Eligible records will undergo full-text review. Data will be extracted into predefined categories reflecting the topics of interest, developed by the research team before extraction to include key study information. Then, sources in local languages are provided by the partners, included and validated by native-speaking team members, adding to the results found by the researchers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No ethical approval is required. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, project reports and stakeholder workshops.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Open Science Framework (10.17605\/OSF.IO\/9AQSX).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-119566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:41:33Z","timestamp":1782992493000},"page":"e119566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping cancer literacy levels, barriers and facilitators, educational initiatives and misinformation narratives: multiple scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Beccia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doriana","family":"Lacalaprice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charis","family":"Girvalaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Geant\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Medicine, Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-0733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13862-1","article-title":"Cancer burden in Europe: a systematic analysis of the GLOBOCAN database (2022)","volume":"25","author":"Elmadani","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD . Beating cancer inequalities in the EU. Spotlight on cancer prevention and early detection spotlight on cancer prevention and early detection. Paris: OECD Health Policy Studies, 2024. Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/14fdc89a-en","DOI":"10.1787\/14fdc89a-en"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100551","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality between and within countries in Europe: a population-based study","volume":"25","author":"Vaccarella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpo.2020.100255","article-title":"Health literacy is an emerging strategic priority in national cancer control plans in the EU","volume":"26","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer Policy"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20075244"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259815","article-title":"The role of health literacy in cancer care: A mixed studies systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Holden","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv043"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpo.2022.100375","article-title":"Cancer literacy \u2013 Informing patients and implementing shared decision making","volume":"35","author":"Buyens","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Policy"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12448","article-title":"The European Cancer Patient Coalition and its central role in connecting stakeholders to advance patient\u2010centric solutions in the mission on cancer","volume":"13","author":"de Lorenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.10","unstructured":"European Commission . Europe\u2019s beating cancer plan communication from the commission to the European parliament and the council. 2022."},{"key":"2026070204403265000_16.7.e119566.11","unstructured":"Beating cancer inequalities through literacy in europe. n.d. 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