{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:48:42Z","timestamp":1782827322542,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective compression haemostasis is essential after transradial coronary procedures. However, evidence directly comparing different haemostatic materials remains limited. This study aims to compare and rank the efficacy and safety of different haemostatic materials used as adjuncts to compression after transradial coronary angiography and\/or percutaneous coronary intervention, and to explore whether compression modality modifies their relative effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will systematically search nine databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Data, VIP Database and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) for randomized controlled trials on post-transradial access (TRA) compression haemostasis with different haemostatic materials, from database inception to December 2025. Supplementary searches will be conducted in ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, academic search engines and reference lists of included studies. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias V.2 tool. A network meta-analysis will be conducted within a frequentist framework using Stata V.16.0. Heterogeneity, inconsistency, small-study effects, evidence quality, sensitivity and the assumption of transitivity will be assessed. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to compression modality (manual vs mechanical) and, where data permit, other prespecified study-level characteristics that may modify treatment effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As this study is a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on published data, ethical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at academic conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD420251250499.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-119976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:26:45Z","timestamp":1782826005000},"page":"e119976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of effectiveness and safety of different haemostatic materials in patients undergoing transradial coronary intervention and diagnosis: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7996-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7454-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6597-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruopei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8385-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8117-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, No.980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3297-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanmei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.09.006"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.2","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Radial versus femoral access for coronary interventions: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"97","author":"Chiarito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11763-y","article-title":"The comparison of efficacy and safety between transradial and transfemoral approach for chronic total occlusions intervention: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.124.014186","article-title":"Procedural Outcomes With Femoral, Radial, Distal Radial, and Ulnar Access for Coronary Angiography: A Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Maqsood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.012781","article-title":"Optimal Hemostatic Band Duration After Transradial Angiography or Intervention: Insights From a Mixed Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials","volume":"16","author":"Maqsood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.62713\/aic.3805","article-title":"Application of Comfort Nursing Based on Evidence-based Concept in Radial Artery Puncture Hemostasis of Patients after Coronary Intervention","volume":"95","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.03.011","article-title":"Prevention of Radial Artery Occlusion of 3 Hemostatic Methods in Transradial Intervention for Coronary Angiography","volume":"15","author":"Eid-Lidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.03.006","article-title":"Hemostatic Patch for Accelerated Hemostasis After Transradial Procedures: A Step Further?","volume":"15","author":"Bertrand","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.9","first-page":"328","article-title":"Comparison of Hemostasis Times With a Kaolin-Based Hemostatic Pad (QuikClot Radial) vs Mechanical Compression (TR Band) Following Transradial Access: A Pilot Prospective Study","volume":"29","author":"Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.10","first-page":"E181","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing radial hemostasis techniques; catechol conjugated chitosan pad (InnoSEAL) versus pneumatic compression band","volume":"98","author":"Pathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.132740","article-title":"A randomised control trial to compare conventional and haemostatic dressings in radial arterial access: Assessment of Radial Artery Complications Whilst Achieving Rapid Haemostasis (ARCH Trial)","volume":"420","author":"Proscia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.09.058","article-title":"The Efficacy of Hemostatic Agents on Radial Artery Compression Methods Following Transradial Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"258","author":"De Melo Neto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain H , Shahzad M , Patel N , et al . Comparative Efficacy of Mechanical Versus Manual Compression Techniques on Radial Artery Hemostasis Following Transradial Coronary Angiography: A Meta-Analysis. Cardiol Rev 2025. doi:10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000866","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000866"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2024.05.028","article-title":"Manual compression hemostasis using a hemostatic pad for the distal radial artery approach","volume":"72","author":"Sadamatsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01520-z","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of kaolin-based hemostatic pad vs. standard mechanical compression following transradial and transulnar access for elective coronary angiography and PCI: RAUL trial substudy","volume":"35","author":"Pawel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.03.042"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"350","author":"Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.04.006","article-title":"Five-Year Clinical Outcome of Endoscopic Versus Open Radial Artery Harvesting: A Propensity Score Analysis","volume":"102","author":"Bisleri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.04.004","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the Kolcaba General Comfort Questionnaire in critically ill patients","volume":"37","author":"Gonzalez-Baz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-006-2974-4","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in knowledgebases","volume":"27","author":"Grant","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Intell Inf Syst"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082","article-title":"CINeMA: An approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae466"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvad090","article-title":"Radial artery occlusion after coronary angiography with trans radial access: a nurse led study employing duplex ultrasonography and the reverse Barbeau test","volume":"23","author":"Johansson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8183.2010.00584.x"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181099","article-title":"Hemostasis pad combined with compression device after transradial coronary procedures: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026063005552801000_16.6.e119976.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Serafino L , Turturo M , Larosa C , et al . A comparison between radial artery compression devices for patent hemostasis after transradial percutaneous interventions. J Invasive Cardiol 2024;36. doi:10.25270\/jic\/23.00302","DOI":"10.25270\/jic\/23.00302"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-119976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:26:59Z","timestamp":1782826019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-119976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-119976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-119976","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}}}