{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T14:18:34Z","timestamp":1783520314860,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004823","name":"State of Connecticut, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA063650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA063650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50DA054072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50DA054072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stimulant use disorder is a growing contributor to drug poisoning and mortality in the USA, with disproportionate impact on black communities driven by stimulant-opioid polysubstance use and other structural barriers to treatment. Contingency management (CM) is the most effective evidence-based treatment for stimulant use disorder but remains poorly implemented especially in minoritised communities. Cultural adaptation represents a promising implementation strategy to improve acceptability, engagement and equity of CM while maintaining fidelity to core evidence-based programming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Cultural Adaptation of Contingency Management (\n                      <jats:italic>Cul-CM<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) study is a multiphase, mixed-methods study designed to culturally adapt CM for black adults with stimulant use disorder and evaluate its preliminary outcomes in a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), guided by the PEN-3 cultural model and the ADAPT-ITT framework. Phase I consists of an assessment of clinician beliefs about CM implementation using the Extended Contingency Management Beliefs Questionnaire (CMBQ-CA+, with an exploratory Cultural Adaptation subscale) and a scoping review of CM adaptation for substance use disorder. Phase II employs PEN-3-informed individual interviews and focus groups to identify culturally salient determinants of CM uptake and engagement. Findings from Phases I and II, in addition to iterative expert and community advisory board reviews and feedback, will inform the development of a culturally adapted CM (CACM) protocol, which retains core effectiveness elements and modifies peripheral delivery elements of CM. Finally, the Phase III consists of a three-arm pilot RCT (n=60) comparing the CACM, standard CM and treatment as usual following a 1\u2009week lead-in (priming) phase. Primary outcomes include stimulant abstinence and longest duration of continuous abstinence. Secondary outcomes include treatment acceptability, satisfaction, feasibility and retention.\n                      <jats:italic>Cul-CM<\/jats:italic>\n                      operationalises cultural adaptation as a systematic, theory-driven strategy to improve CM outcomes in adults with stimulant use disorder and promote equitable uptake in community treatment settings.\n                      <jats:italic>Cul-CM<\/jats:italic>\n                      represents a replicable framework for culturally adapting CM to ensure equitable access, engagement and improve outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was obtained from the Yale University Institutional Review Board. All participants will provide written informed consent. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, scientific conferences and community-engaged channels to inform culturally responsive approaches to CM for stimulant use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT07443332\">NCT07443332<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-120424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T13:30:24Z","timestamp":1783517424000},"page":"e120424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rationale, design and methods of the\n                    <i>Cul-CM<\/i>\n                    study: a protocol for cultural adaptation of contingency management in adults with stimulant use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07443332","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6772-7149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwole O","family":"Jegede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara J","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theddeus","family":"Iheanacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chyrell","family":"Bellamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismene","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Kiluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Rash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calhoun Cardiology Center\u2014Behavioral Health, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230917","article-title":"Understanding and Addressing Widening Racial Inequalities in Drug Overdose","volume":"181","author":"Friedman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17563-x","article-title":"Polysubstance mortality trends in White and Black Americans during the opioid epidemic, 1999-2018","volume":"24","author":"Rawy","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02404-7","article-title":"Deaths of despair and Indigenous data genocide","volume":"401","author":"Friedman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab290"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500080041029"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.6","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration . Key substance use and mental health indicatorsin the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP24-07-021, NSDUH Series H-59). 2024."},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.7","unstructured":"United States Sentencing Commission . Fiscal year 2021 overview of federal criminal cases. 2021."},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.029","article-title":"Powder cocaine and crack use in the United States: an examination of risk for arrest and socioeconomic disparities in use","volume":"149","author":"Palamar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00625-5","article-title":"A cultural and political difference: comparing the racial and social framing of population crack cocaine use between the United States and France","volume":"19","author":"Goulian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00239.x"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.020","article-title":"The national implementation of Contingency Management (CM) in the Department of Veterans Affairs: Attendance at CM sessions and substance use outcomes","volume":"185","author":"DePhilippis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2014.12092.x","article-title":"Nationwide dissemination of contingency management: the Veterans Administration initiative","volume":"23","author":"Petry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40614-019-00204-3","article-title":"Considerations for Implementing Contingency Management in Substance Abuse Treatment Clinics: The Veterans Affairs Initiative as a Model","volume":"42","author":"Rash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect Behav Sci"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.03.003","article-title":"Training workshops positively impact beliefs about contingency management in a nationwide dissemination effort","volume":"45","author":"Rash","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2023.107594","article-title":"Effective, but underused: lessons learned implementing contingency management in real-world practice settings in the United States","volume":"176","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12501","article-title":"Lost in translation? Moving contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy into clinical practice","volume":"1327","author":"Carroll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.003"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000487","article-title":"The dissemination and implementation of contingency management for substance use disorders: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Oluwoye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2022.208941","article-title":"Community implementation of contingency management to address stimulant use","volume":"151","author":"Hartzler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Subst Use Addict Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glass JE , Nunes EV , Bradley KA . Contingency management: a highly effective treatment for substance use disorders and the legal barriers that stand in its way. Health Aff Forefront 2020. doi:10.1377\/forefront.20200305.965186","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20200305.965186"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02879.x","article-title":"Contingency management treatments: controversies and challenges","volume":"105","author":"Petry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16569","article-title":"Closing the research-to-implementation gap for contingency management as an effective intervention for substance use disorders across diverse communities","volume":"119","author":"Hirchak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209513","article-title":"California\u2019s recovery incentives program: implementation strategies","volume":"167","author":"Freese","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Subst Use Addict Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039021","article-title":"Initial abstinence status and contingency management treatment outcomes: does race matter?","volume":"83","author":"Montgomery","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.033","article-title":"Moderating effects of race in clinical trial participation and outcomes among marijuana-dependent young adults","volume":"126","author":"Montgomery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014575","article-title":"Comparable efficacy of contingency management for cocaine dependence among African American, Hispanic, and White methadone maintenance clients","volume":"23","author":"Barry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-033109-132032"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153729"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S138430","article-title":"The current status of culturally adapted mental health interventions: a practice-focused review of meta-analyses","volume":"14","author":"Rathod","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.62.6.563"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2004.tb00041.x"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.774811","article-title":"Does cultural adaptation have a role in substance abuse treatment?","volume":"28","author":"Burlew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Work Public Health"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209079","article-title":"Implementing an evidence-based prize contingency management protocol for stimulant use","volume":"151","author":"Rash","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Subst Use Addict Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1300\/J005v32n01_04","article-title":"The tools to understand: community as co-researcher on culture-specific protective factors for Alaska Natives","volume":"32","author":"Allen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Prev Interv Community"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027085"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000080166.14054.7C"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.37","unstructured":"CDC . Cocaine and psychostimulant-involved overdose deaths disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minority groups. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/featured-topics\/psychostimulant-cocaine-race-ethnic-minorities.html [Accessed 03 Dec 2024]."},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.04.014","article-title":"Focus groups to increase the cultural acceptability of a contingency management intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native Communities","volume":"90","author":"Hirchak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2006.00042.x"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.2603.2019.38","article-title":"Assessing the Interest and Cultural Congruence of Contingency Management as an Intervention for Alcohol Misuse Among Younger American Indian Adults","volume":"26","author":"Hirchak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108693","article-title":"Contingency management for alcohol use disorder reduces cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native adults","volume":"137","author":"Hirchak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.12.010","article-title":"A culturally-tailored behavioral intervention trial for alcohol use disorders in three American Indian communities: Rationale, design, and methods","volume":"47","author":"McDonell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.1989.1.1.57","article-title":"Perspectives on AIDS in Africa: strategies for prevention and control","volume":"1","author":"Airhihenbuwa","year":"1989","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2190\/LPKH-PMPJ-DBW9-FP6X","article-title":"A conceptual model for culturally appropriate health education programs in developing countries","volume":"11","author":"Airhihenbuwa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int Q Community Health Educ"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2013.857768"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181605df1","article-title":"The ADAPT-ITT model: a novel method of adapting evidence-based HIV Interventions","volume":"47 Suppl 1","author":"Wingood","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01163-9","article-title":"Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders and Related Service Use in the Diverse Black Sub-Populations in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Jegede","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.027"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.49","unstructured":"Jegede O , Oluwole HC , Hena Y , et al . Cultural adaptation of contingency management for substance use disorder: a scoping review and conceptual framework [under review]. 2026."},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.09.008","article-title":"Contingency Management: New Directions and Remaining Challenges for An Evidence-Based Intervention","volume":"72","author":"Rash","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09878-7","article-title":"An unexplored equity factor: differential beliefs and attitudes toward contingency management by providers\u2019 ethnicity","volume":"23","author":"Oluwoye","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.201"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.11.1993"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.10.1148"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0635-3","article-title":"Psychometric assessment of three newly developed implementation outcome measures","volume":"12","author":"Weiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(82)90074-X"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-023-10197-8","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorders in Low and Middle Income Countries","volume":"31","author":"Kalmin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-023-00489-0","article-title":"\u201cCulturally Responsive\u201d Substance Use Treatment: Contemporary Definitions and Approaches for Minoritized Racial\/Ethnic Groups","volume":"10","author":"Banks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/26408066.2023.2168507","article-title":"Culturally sensitive treatment for underrepresented adolescents with substance use: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Contreras-Perez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Evid Based Soc Work"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108856","article-title":"Culturally adapted evidence-based treatments for adults with substance use problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"226","author":"Hai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108716","article-title":"A scoping review of cultural adaptations of substance use disorder treatments across Latinx communities: Guidance for future research and practice","volume":"137","author":"Venner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016401"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0806-0","article-title":"Cultural Adaptations: Conceptual, Ethical, Contextual, and Methodological Issues for Working with Ethnocultural and Majority-World Populations","volume":"18","author":"Bernal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-023-01296-0","article-title":"Culturally adapted motivational interviewing with cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorder in Pakistan (CAMAIB): protocol for a feasibility factorial randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Asif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304571","article-title":"Culturally Adapted, Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Spanish-Speaking Individuals With Substance Use Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"108","author":"Paris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.168207.1","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with Cannabis use disorder in tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan: a multi-methods study protocol","volume":"14","author":"Ullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0776-2","article-title":"Preventing Adolescent Substance Use Through an Evidence-Based Program: Effects of the Italian Adaptation of Life Skills Training","volume":"18","author":"Velasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.70","first-page":"21","article-title":"Pilot Outcome Results of Culturally Adapted Evidence-Based Substance Use Disorder Treatment with a Southwest Tribe","volume":"3","author":"Venner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171231161467","article-title":"A Community Engaged Approach in Adapting Motivational Interviewing and Skills Training for Native Americans With Experiences of Substance Misuse","volume":"37","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-025-01779-x","article-title":"Exploring Cultural Adaptations: A Scoping Review on Adolescent Mental Health and Substance Use Prevention Programs","volume":"26","author":"Corpus-Espinosa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.001","article-title":"\u201cI\u2019s\u201d on the prize: A systematic review of individual differences in Contingency Management treatment response","volume":"100","author":"Forster","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2020.1744786","article-title":"Trauma-informed Drug Screens for Veterans with Co-occurring Disorders: A Case Series","volume":"16","author":"Scoglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dual Diagn"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.75","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59 Suppl 20","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030992"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derogatis LR . Brief symptom inventory 18: administration, scoring and procedures manual. NCS Pearson, Incorporated, 2001.","DOI":"10.1037\/t07502-000"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.002"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034749"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305"},{"key":"2026070806301849000_16.7.e120424.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2020.0075","article-title":"Collecting Social Determinants of Health Data in the Clinical Setting: Findings from National PRAPARE Implementation","volume":"31","author":"Weir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-120424","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T13:30:34Z","timestamp":1783517434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-120424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-120424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-120424","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}