{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T12:30:26Z","timestamp":1787056226606,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"The Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["315041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term sickness absence represents a major public health challenge with far-reaching consequences for both individuals and society. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the leading causes of sickness absence. Although mobile apps show promise for supporting self-management of MSDs, high-quality evidence remains limited, and outcomes related to work participation are rarely examined. This trial aims to evaluate whether an individually tailored, app-based self-management intervention (SmaRTWork), provided in addition to usual care, improves return-to-work compared with usual care alone among individuals on sick leave due to MSDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will conduct a randomised controlled trial with two parallel arms: 1) SmaRTWork in addition to usual care and 2) usual care alone. Individuals 20\u201359 years old who have been sick-listed for &lt;12 weeks due to back, neck or widespread pain will be recruited through clinicians in primary health care. Eligible participants are randomised 1:1 to one of the two arms. We aim to include 298 participants, 149 in each arm. The primary outcome is time to sustainable return-to-work, defined as one consecutive month without receiving medical benefits, assessed over a 12-month period using registry data. Secondary outcomes include health-related measures assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. The trial will also incorporate qualitative studies, a process evaluation and a health economic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trial is approved by the Committees for Clinical Trials of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices (Ref. 563919). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT07034040\">NCT07034040<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-122680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:50:44Z","timestamp":1787053844000},"page":"e122680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based self-management intervention to support sick-listed individuals with musculoskeletal disorders in Norway: rationale and protocol for the SmaRTWork randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07034040","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07034040","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene","family":"Aasdahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway"},{"name":"Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom Ivar Lund","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart Gallina","family":"Ottersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina E","family":"Klevanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Eder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilie Krage","family":"\u00d8ver\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway"},{"name":"Et Liv i Bevegelse (ELiB), The Norwegian Chiropractors\u2019 Research Foundation, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Granviken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway"},{"name":"Clinic of Rehabilitation, St Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Debik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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