{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:41:51Z","timestamp":1786545711156,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NR021867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NR021867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregestational diabetes is one of the most frequent medical conditions in pregnancy. Nutrition insecurity is a non-medical, health-related social need and affects glycaemic management and pregnancy outcomes for women with both type 1 and type 2 pregestational diabetes. Collaborative healthcare-community partnerships to enhance food access, facilitate culinary medicine, diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) and address unmet social needs for pregnant women with pregestational diabetes remain to be evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a two-arm randomised controlled trial, we will examine the combined effects of a tripartite NOURISH intervention ((1) produce home delivery, (2) culinary medicine with DSMES and (3) community health worker-led social needs assessment and support) versus the current standard of diabetes and prenatal care. We will recruit and enrol 174 pregnant women (87 NOURISH, 87 standard care) \u226422+6 weeks of gestation with pregestational diabetes, inadequate glycaemic management (haemoglobin A1c\u22656.5%) and self-reported risk of food insecurity from a diabetes and prenatal care programme at a tertiary care academic health system located in the USA. We will measure the primary outcome of glycaemic management by delivery (haemoglobin A1c&lt;6.5%), and secondarily, adverse pregnancy outcomes (gestational weight gain and composite neonatal morbidity) and patient-reported outcomes (nutrition security). We will also use cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the intervention\u2019s value relative to standard care and use process evaluation to characterise intervention and contextual factors influencing uptake, effectiveness and sustainability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Institutional Review Board at The Ohio State University approved this study (IRB: STUDY20260307; date: 23 April 2026). We plan to submit results of the trial for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international scientific meetings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT07560813\">NCT07560813<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-122856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:45:24Z","timestamp":1786542324000},"page":"e122856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare-community partnership to improve nutrition insecurity for optimal glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes: clinical trial protocol for the NOURISH study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07560813","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kartik K","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Headings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid-Ohio Food Collective, Columbus, Ohio, 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