{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:55Z","timestamp":1792787275489,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq) -Finance","award":["Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm newborns (PTNB) present respiratory immaturity and increased susceptibility to muscle fatigue. The thoracoabdominal rebalancing (TAR) method is a physiotherapeutic intervention developed in Brazil that aims to reorganise the synergy of the thoracoabdominal muscles and reduce the effort of the respiratory muscles, a benefit that is particularly important for PTNB; however, the evidence regarding its effectiveness in this population remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aims to compare the short-term effects of the TAR method and the slow expiratory flow acceleration (SEFA) technique in improving respiratory distress and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) in PTNB admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study will be a randomised, controlled, two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind clinical trial. 68 participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. Group 1 will receive four handling techniques of the TAR method for 10\u2009min, followed by the rhinopharyngeal retrograde clearance with saline instillation (RRC+I) technique. Group 2 will receive the SEFA technique for 10\u2009min, also followed by RRC+I. Primary outcomes are respiratory distress and SpO2. Secondary outcomes are respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), pain, behaviour and diaphragmatic excursion. Assessments will be conducted by a blinded researcher at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1) and at the 30-minute follow-up (T2). Data will be described using measures of central tendency and dispersion and absolute and relative frequencies. An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed, and intragroup and intergroup comparisons will be assessed using generalised estimating equations (GEE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte approved this study (number 8,055,786). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, scientific conferences presentations and knowledge translation to the public.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was registered on Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) on 9 January 2026 (RBR-3gbsyc2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-123099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:01:17Z","timestamp":1789480877000},"page":"e123099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison between the thoracoabdominal rebalancing (TAR) method and the slow expiratory flow acceleration (SEFA) technique in preterm newborns: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical 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