{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:03:56Z","timestamp":1785243836934,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HSFC GIA #G-24-0037903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSFC GIA #G-24-0037903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIHR #525414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIHR #525414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke triggers acute vascular and inflammatory mechanisms that predispose the brain to rapid neurodegeneration. Up to 52% of stroke survivors develop cognitive impairment within 6 months and 20% receive a clinical diagnosis of dementia within 5 years. The subacute phase (&lt;6 months) represents a critical window in which the brain may be most responsive to neuroprotective interventions. Multimodal aerobic and resistance training improves cognition in chronic stroke, but whether it improves cognition, neuroimaging markers and blood biomarkers of dementia risk when delivered during this early window remains unknown. The PROTECT trial will compare the effects of 12 weeks of multimodal exercise (moderate-to-high-intensity resistance and aerobic training) versus a low-intensity exercise comparator on cognition, neuroimaging outcomes, blood biomarkers of cognitive decline and dementia risk in people with subacute stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The PROTECT trial is a 12-week, Phase 3, assessor-blinded, multisite Bayesian adaptive randomised controlled trial (RCT) following a two-arm parallel group sequential design with 6-month and 12-month follow-up (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT07445841\">NCT07445841<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ). Participants will be randomised to multimodal training or the comparator using concealed allocation with permuted blocks of varying sizes. The primary outcome is cognition, measured using the 13-item Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive assessment (ADAS-Cog-13). Secondary outcomes include ADAS-Cog-Plus, structural and perfusion neuroimaging and blood biomarkers of inflammation and neurodegeneration. Tertiary outcomes include cardiorespiratory fitness, functional mobility, muscle strength, body composition, neuropsychological status, patient-reported cognition, quality of life, fatigue and healthcare utilisation. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (primary endpoint) and at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Sample size was estimated via 20\u2009000 Monte Carlo simulations using an ADAS-Cog effect size of Cohen\u2019s d=0.63 from a previous exercise RCT. The target was \u226580% power to detect this treatment effect at a one-sided type I error rate of 2.5%, using a weakly informative prior centred at zero with a variance of 100. The minimum required was 45 completers per arm (N=90) and accounting for 25% attrition, up to 120 participants (60 per arm) will be enrolled. Pre-planned adaptive features include: (1) two interim analyses at 50% and 75% of completers; (2) early stopping for efficacy and futility; and (3) sample size re-estimation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval to conduct this study has been granted by the Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en r\u00e9adaptation du Montr\u00e9al m\u00e9tropolitain (CRIR MP-50-2025-2294) and Hamilton Integrated Research Board (HIREB 19222). Any protocol amendments will be submitted to the appropriate ethics boards. Written informed consent to participate in this study will be obtained from all participants by study coordinators or assistants. Study results will be published and reported in peer-reviewed journal following Adaptive Designs Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials extension guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial results\" xlink:href=\"NCT07445841\">NCT07445841<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-123336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:20:36Z","timestamp":1785241236000},"page":"e123336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protecting the brain from post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia with multimodal exercise training: study protocol for a Bayesian adaptive trial (PROTECT)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07445841","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct07445841","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"results"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Moncion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynden","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashant\u00e9","family":"Bon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9629-1189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Sutoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Sikorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elric Y","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliano","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Golchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Arbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudine","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Research Center and EPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Paquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"CISSS-Laval and Research Site of the Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Rosa-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et services sociaux de l\u2019Ouest-de-l\u2019\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute (OBI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre (UTSW), Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana","family":"Leppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Rowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L","family":"Tardiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baraa","family":"Al-Khazraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Roig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004534"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.004285"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70236-4"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.670844"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335361"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30442-3"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2735"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000487514","article-title":"Cerebral Haemodynamics following Acute Ischaemic Stroke: Effects of Stroke Severity and Stroke Subtype","volume":"8","author":"Llwyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis Extra"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022588","article-title":"Associations Between Time After Stroke and Exercise Training Outcomes: A Meta-Regression Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Marzolini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dromerick AW , Geed S , Barth J , et al . Critical Period After Stroke Study (CPASS): A phase II clinical trial testing an optimal time for motor recovery after stroke in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021;118. doi:10.1073\/pnas.2026676118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026676118"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019873600","article-title":"Cognition in stroke rehabilitation and recovery research: Consensus-based core recommendations from the second Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable","volume":"14","author":"McDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.680728"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131580","article-title":"Post-stroke cognitive impairment: high prevalence and determining factors in a cohort of mild stroke","volume":"40","author":"Jacquin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0252"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.08.001"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.162"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104981"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36510","article-title":"Effect of Exercise Training or Complex Mental and Social Activities on Cognitive Function in Adults With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"5","author":"Liu-Ambrose","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00872.2021"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081660","article-title":"SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials","volume":"389","author":"Hr\u00f3bjartsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m115","article-title":"The Adaptive designs CONSORT Extension (ACE) statement: a checklist with explanation and elaboration guideline for reporting randomised trials that use an adaptive design","volume":"369","author":"Dimairo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.002"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264319895842","article-title":"Utilization of Medications With Cognitive Impairment Side Effects and the Implications for Older Adults\u2019 Cognitive Function","volume":"32","author":"Do","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683251342150","article-title":"Investigating the Acute and Chronic Effects of Cardiovascular Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Early Subacute Stroke","volume":"39","author":"De Las Heras","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.046564"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TGR.0b013e3181fee736"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199700112-00003","article-title":"Development of cognitive instruments for use in clinical trials of antidementia drugs: additions to the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale that broaden its scope. The Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cooperative Study","volume":"11 Suppl 2","author":"Mohs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.102","article-title":"Establishing Clinically Meaningful Change on Outcome Assessments Frequently Used in Trials of Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Lansdall","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9166-3"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.11.1356"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.31","unstructured":"Mungas D , Crane P , Dowling M , et al . Optimizing cognitive outcome measures in ad clinical trials: technical summary. 2013."},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01511-z"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S411","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141467","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI as a preclinical marker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"42 Suppl 4","author":"Wierenga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-021-00014-4","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier link to human cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"1","author":"Barisano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-09813-6","article-title":"The role of white matter myelin in structural-functional network coupling","volume":"9","author":"Nelson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617707070646"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617707070646"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27141","article-title":"Non\u2010contrast MR imaging of blood\u2010brain barrier permeability to water","volume":"80","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Med"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10900"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e499","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031611","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment and Dementia After Stroke: Design and Rationale for the DISCOVERY Study","volume":"52","author":"Rost","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007094"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01486-5","article-title":"Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2967"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321989354","article-title":"Combination of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels and MRI Markers to Predict Cognitive Function in Ischemic Stroke","volume":"35","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00953-3","article-title":"Brain injury after cardiac arrest","volume":"398","author":"Perkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00715","article-title":"Plasma Amyloid Beta and Tau Levels Are Predictors of Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"10","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1142","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200817","article-title":"Clinically Relevant Changes for Cognitive Outcomes in Preclinical and Prodromal Cognitive Stages: Implications for Clinical Alzheimer Trials","volume":"99","author":"Borland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.02.069"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.20398","article-title":"Longitudinal Association of Total Tau Concentrations and Physical Activity With Cognitive Decline in a Population Sample","volume":"4","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00144","article-title":"Voluntary Exercise Promotes Glymphatic Clearance of Amyloid Beta and Reduces the Activation of Astrocytes and Microglia in Aged Mice","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09477-9","article-title":"Circulating neurofilament light in ischemic stroke: temporal profile and outcome prediction","volume":"266","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003927","article-title":"A Whole-Body Exercise Test to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness across the Stroke Recovery Continuum","volume":"58","author":"Moncion","year":"2026","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.11.003","article-title":"The short physical performance battery as a predictor of functional capacity after stroke","volume":"23","author":"Stookey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The Timed \u201cUp & Go\u201d: A Test of Basic Functional Mobility for Frail Elderly Persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.20.3.310.823"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515624480"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930231189135","article-title":"A roadmap for research in post-stroke fatigue: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable","volume":"19","author":"English","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-14","article-title":"Promotion of the mind through exercise (PROMoTE): a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise training in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"10","author":"Liu-Ambrose","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530245"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081123","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials","volume":"389","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026072805202497000_16.7.e123336.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002821","article-title":"Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Community Participation Following Stroke, Part Two: Delivery of Stroke Rehabilitation to Optimize Functional Recovery, 7th Edition Update 2025","volume":"105","author":"Salbach","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-123336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:20:41Z","timestamp":1785241241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-123336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-123336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-123336","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}