{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:55Z","timestamp":1792787275447,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Cancer Society Emerging Scholar Award","award":["707149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["707149"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017343w90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous research has observed disparities in cancer diagnosis, care and outcomes among people who have been marginalised, including incarcerated populations. Evidence suggests an excess burden of cancer among people who experience incarceration. Currently, no reviews have synthesised quantitative evidence on all types of cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality and survival, stratifying by both cancer type and sex and gender, among people who experience incarceration, compared with those who do not, globally. The objective of this review will be to describe cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality and survival among people who experience incarceration and assess the epidemiological association between incarceration and these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Peer-reviewed studies that will be included must report on individuals of at least one sex or gender who are currently or formerly incarcerated in correctional facilities under any legal status and report on cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, stage at diagnosis and\/or survival with or without a comparator group. Studies to be included must employ original quantitative or mixed-methods designs in which quantitative data are reported separately. Searches will be conducted in January 2027 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and Sociological Abstracts, and we will review reference lists. Two independent reviewers will conduct title, abstract and full-text screening and, for included studies, complete data extraction and assess methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We will calculate pooled prevalence rates, incidence rates and effect estimates using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias will be assessed by I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and visual inspection of the funnel plot, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will use aggregate data from published studies; therefore, ethical approval is not required. Findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD420261408922).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2026-125169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:05:37Z","timestamp":1790345137000},"page":"e125169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality and survival among people with past or current incarceration globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2379-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke","family":"Harvey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Queen\u2019s University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Kouyoumdjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary Ann","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Queen\u2019s University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Queen\u2019s Collaboration for Health Care Quality: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Ross-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s Collaboration for Health Care Quality: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyson","family":"Mahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Queen\u2019s University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Cancer Care & Epidemiology, Queen\u2019s University Sinclair Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092507051877000_16.9.e125169.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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